2.2 EKG Flashcards by Rebecca Beckler

What are the two circulatory circuits? Their functions?

pulmonary and systemic

*same function: gas exchange

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What need a change in WHAT to get flow? What affects flow rate?

need a change in pressure

*resistance affects flow rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens to two vessels if they have the same change in pressure?

the vessels will still be EQUAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 3 main things that affect resistance?

1) viscosity
2) vessel length
3) vessel diameter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

viscosity

measure of friction between molecules of a flowing fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

vessel length means more? were?

more frictional resistance

*along vessel wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is most important factor affecting resistance? Why?

diameter because we can change it; causes exponential change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is renals #?

how turbulent blood flow is

*greater the #, greater the turbulence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

symphathetic release? affect what area of the heart? increase or decreaste rate?

release norepinephrine

affect all of heart
***increase heart rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

parasymphathetic release? affect what area of the heart? increase or decreaste rate?

release acetylcholine

right vegas affects SA and R atrium
left vegas affects AV node and L atrium
*** decrease heart rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sequence of excitation?

SA node
atrial internodle pathway
AV node
bundle of His (R and L)
purkingje fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are important ions for heart?

Na. K. Cl. Ca

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal resting potential for ventricular muscle? for SA node?

vent muscle = -90

SA node= -60 to -70

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is pacemaker of heart? why?

SA node; has a lower threshold to meet = pre-potential

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does positive and negative chronotrophic effect mean?

\+ = SPEED up; norepinephrine, sym
- = SLOW down, acetylcholine, parasym

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does decreasing a delay mean? examples?

to speed something up

sym speeds up rate and decreases delay
para slows rate and increases delay

vector always points to?

the NEGATIVE, aka area that hasn’t been depolarized

where does ventricular and atrial repolarization happen?

ven= T
artrial= R

What happens are P?

atrial depolarization

- repolarization obscured by ventricular depolarization

What happens are Q?

ventricular depolarization

- generally base to apex, but a minor initial negative deflection

What happens are R?

depolarization continues (BULK of it)
base to apex
positive deflection
-repolarization of atrials

What happens are S?

-negative deflection at final instant of depolarization

What happens are T?

repolarization of ventricles
apex to base
positive deflection

repolarization is mainly repsresented by?

T, bulk is +

describe 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree blocks?

1- prolonged PR 2- two or more P waves before QRS 3- equidistant QRS, ventricles stimulate themselvesbc no impulse from SA reaches them

What does a double peaked R mean?

bundle branch block, independent depolarization of both ventricels

3 most common types of premature beats?

1) atrial 2) AV node 3) premature ventricular contraction

atrial premature beats?

originate from ectopic focus in atrium, abnormal P wave

AV node premature beats?

originate from ectopic focus in AV node, giving an EARLY QRS before P

premature ventricular contraction

from ecotpic focus in ventricular muscle, gives an early and Wide QRS (before P)

flutter vs fibrillation?

``` flutter= rapid COORDINATED REGULAR contractions; caused by ONE ectopic foci fibrilation= rapid UNcoordinated IRREGULAR contractions; caused by MANY ectopic foci ```

atrial flutter

caused by actopic focus in atrium | many P waves and occasional QRS

ventricular flutter

ectopic focus in ventricle | *SINE WAVES, severly impacts pumping

atrial fibrilation

MANY ectopic foci in atrium at different rates | *See QRS and then chaos, no P wave

ventricular fibrillation

MANY ectopic foci in ventircle at different rates | *NO WAVES AT ALL, complete squiggles

what is cardiac arrest?

a type of ventricular fibrillation | *need CRP (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

What are the components of CRP?

1) cardiac massage -maintain blood to brain | 2) artificial respiration- oxygenate blood