5 Digestive System Terms and Pathologies

Question 1

borborygmus

Answer 1

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

Question 2

eructation

Answer 2

belching

Question 3

hematochezia

Answer 3

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 4

jaundice (icterus)

Answer 4

yellow color caused by high lvl of bilirubin in the blood

Question 5

melena

Answer 5

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 6

steatorrhea

Answer 6

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 7

apthous stomatitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers

Question 8

dental caries

Answer 8

tooth decay, dental plaque

Question 9

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 10

oral leukoplakia

Answer 10

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 11

periodontal disease

Answer 11

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bones

Question 12

achalasia

Answer 12

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax (-chalasia=relaxation)

Question 13

esophageal cancer

Answer 13

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 14

esophageal varices

Answer 14

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 15

gastric cancer

Answer 15

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 16

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 16

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach…heartburn

Question 17

hernia

Answer 17

protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it, hiatal-stomach past diaphragm, inguinal-bowel through abdomen

Question 18

peptic ulcer

Answer 18

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 19

anal fistula

Answer 19

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 20

colonic polyps

Answer 20

polyps(benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 21

colorectal cancer

Answer 21

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Question 22

Chron disease

Answer 22

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon

Question 23

diverticulosis

Answer 23

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall

Question 24

dysentery

Answer 24

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 25

hemorrhoids

Answer 25

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 26

ileus

Answer 26

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 27

intussusception

Answer 27

telescoping of the intestines

Question 28

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 28

group of gastrointestinal symptoms associate with stress and tension

Question 29

ulcerative colitis

Answer 29

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 30

volvulus

Answer 30

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 31

cholelithiasis

Answer 31

gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 32

cirrhosis

Answer 32

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 33

pancreatic cancer

Answer 33

malignant tumor of the pancreas