5 Digestive System Terms and Pathologies Flashcards
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract
eructation
belching
hematochezia
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
jaundice (icterus)
yellow color caused by high lvl of bilirubin in the blood
melena
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
steatorrhea
fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
apthous stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers
dental caries
tooth decay, dental plaque
herpetic stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
oral leukoplakia
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bones
achalasia
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax (-chalasia=relaxation)
esophageal cancer
malignant tumor of the esophagus
esophageal varices
swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
gastric cancer
malignant tumor of the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach…heartburn
hernia
protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it, hiatal-stomach past diaphragm, inguinal-bowel through abdomen
peptic ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
colonic polyps
polyps(benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
Chron disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon
diverticulosis
abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
group of gastrointestinal symptoms associate with stress and tension
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
cholelithiasis
gallstones in the gallbladder
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
pancreatic cancer
malignant tumor of the pancreas