15 Musculoskeletal System Pathology

Question 1

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 1

rare malignant tumor arising in bone, most often in children

Question 2

exostosis

Answer 2

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone, (osteochondromas-cartilage and bone is an example) bunion

Question 3

pathologic fx

Answer 3

caused by disease, tumor or infection making it weak

Question 4

crepitus

Answer 4

crackling sound when ends of bone rubs each other or roughened cartilage

Question 5

colles fx

Answer 5

distal wrist (dinner fork, bayonet) posterior displacement of hand and wrist, falling wrist extended

Question 6

smith’s fx

Answer 6

distal wrist (reverse-colles), falling on flexed wrists, ant displacement of hand and wrist, less common

Question 7

comminuted fx

Answer 7

bone splintered or crushed into many pieces

Question 8

compression fx

Answer 8

bone collapses or is compressed, osteoporetic vertebra

Question 9

greenstick fx

Answer 9

partial break, occurs in children, breaks on one surface, bends on the other

Question 10

impacted fx

Answer 10

one fragment driven firmly into the other

Question 11

compound fracture

Answer 11

open fracture

Question 12

osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)

Answer 12

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts

Question 13

osteomalacia

Answer 13

softening of the bone, inadequate amounts of mineral/calcium in the bone, mostly in children (rickets)

Question 14

lack of vitamin D

Answer 14

no calcium and phosphorus is absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine, thus rickets

Question 15

osteomyelitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Question 16

osteoporosis

Answer 16

decrease in bone density/mass, thinning and weakening of bone, osteopenia first step to porosis

Question 17

talipes

Answer 17

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot, involving the talus, clubfoot

Question 18

4 main type of arthritis

Answer 18

joint inflammation; ankylosing spondylitis, gout, OA, RA

Question 19

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 19

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

Question 20

gouty arthritis (gout)

Answer 20

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body (podagra)

Question 21

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 21

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surface (degenerative joint disease)

Question 22

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 22

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain, caused by autoimmune reaction against jt tissue, synovial membrane

Question 23

pyrexia

Answer 23

fever

Question 24

bunion (hallux valgus)

Answer 24

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the metatarsaphalangeal joint

Question 25

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 25

compression of the median nerve as it passed between the transverse carpal ligament, the bones and tendons of the wrist. inflammation of flexor tendons

Question 26

ganglion

Answer 26

fluid filled cyst arising from the joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

Question 27

herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)

Answer 27

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or nerves

Question 28

Lyme disease (lyme arthritis)

Answer 28

disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise (old lyme, ct)

Question 29

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 29

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, heart, and lungs. affects collagen, dx with abnormal Ab

Question 30

muscular dystrophy

Answer 30

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvements of the nervous system

Question 31

polymyositis

Answer 31

chronic inflammatory myopathy, autoimmune?

Question 32

antinuclear Ab test (ANA)

Answer 32

detects antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 33

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 33

elevated with inflammation

Question 34

rheumatoid factor test (RF)

Answer 34

Ab found in pts with RA

Question 35

serum Ca

Answer 35

measure Ca in serum, hyper-parathyroid problem, hypo-burns, sepsis, renal failure

Question 36

serum creatine kinase (CK)

Answer 36

increase in muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, trauma