15 Musculoskeletal System Pathology Flashcards
Ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone, most often in children
exostosis
bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone, (osteochondromas-cartilage and bone is an example) bunion
pathologic fx
caused by disease, tumor or infection making it weak
crepitus
crackling sound when ends of bone rubs each other or roughened cartilage
colles fx
distal wrist (dinner fork, bayonet) posterior displacement of hand and wrist, falling wrist extended
smith’s fx
distal wrist (reverse-colles), falling on flexed wrists, ant displacement of hand and wrist, less common
comminuted fx
bone splintered or crushed into many pieces
compression fx
bone collapses or is compressed, osteoporetic vertebra
greenstick fx
partial break, occurs in children, breaks on one surface, bends on the other
impacted fx
one fragment driven firmly into the other
compound fracture
open fracture
osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)
common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts
osteomalacia
softening of the bone, inadequate amounts of mineral/calcium in the bone, mostly in children (rickets)
lack of vitamin D
no calcium and phosphorus is absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine, thus rickets
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density/mass, thinning and weakening of bone, osteopenia first step to porosis
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot, involving the talus, clubfoot
4 main type of arthritis
joint inflammation; ankylosing spondylitis, gout, OA, RA
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
gouty arthritis (gout)
inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body (podagra)
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surface (degenerative joint disease)
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain, caused by autoimmune reaction against jt tissue, synovial membrane
pyrexia
fever
bunion (hallux valgus)
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the metatarsaphalangeal joint
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
compression of the median nerve as it passed between the transverse carpal ligament, the bones and tendons of the wrist. inflammation of flexor tendons
ganglion
fluid filled cyst arising from the joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand
herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or nerves
Lyme disease (lyme arthritis)
disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise (old lyme, ct)
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, heart, and lungs. affects collagen, dx with abnormal Ab
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvements of the nervous system
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy, autoimmune?
antinuclear Ab test (ANA)
detects antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
elevated with inflammation
rheumatoid factor test (RF)
Ab found in pts with RA
serum Ca
measure Ca in serum, hyper-parathyroid problem, hypo-burns, sepsis, renal failure
serum creatine kinase (CK)
increase in muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, trauma
