13 Blood System Pathology

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 2

Types of anemia

Answer 2

iron-deficiency, aplastic, hemolytic, pernicious, sickle cell, thalassemia

Question 3

aplastic anemia

Answer 3

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow- idiopathic

Question 4

hemolytic anemia

Answer 4

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Question 5

pernicious anemia

Answer 5

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 (can not be absorbed in blood without intrinsic factors IF)

Question 6

sickle cell anemia

Answer 6

hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis (hgb S) -leads to thrombus and infarction

Question 7

thalassemia (anemia)

Answer 7

inherited defect in the ability to produce hgb, usually seen in persons of mediterranean background

Question 8

hemochromatosis

Answer 8

excess iron deposits throughout the body

Question 9

polycythemia vera

Answer 9

general increase in rbc (erythremia)- thick, viscous blood

Question 10

hemophilia

Answer 10

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting, normal platelet lvl

Question 11

purpura

Answer 11

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Question 12

leukemia

Answer 12

increase in cancerous wbc- abrupt onset of s/s; fatigue, fever, bleeding, bone pain, lympadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly

Question 13

4 types of leukemia

Answer 13

acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous l (CML), chronic lymphocytic (CLL)

Question 14

Acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)

Answer 14

immature granulocytes predominate. platelets and rbc are diminished bc of infiltration and replacement of bone marrow by large numbers of myeoblasts

Question 15

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Answer 15

immature lymphocytes predominate. most often in children and adolescents, onset is sudden.

Question 16

chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)

Answer 16

both mature and immature granulocytes present in large numbers, progressive illness, often older 55…can live long while

Question 17

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer 17

abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes and spleen, often seen in elderly

Question 18

granulocytosis

Answer 18

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood - response to inflammation and infection

Question 19

mononucleosis

Answer 19

infectious disease marked by increased number of wbc and enlarged cervical lymph nodes - EBV epstein-Barr virus

Question 20

multiple myeloma

Answer 20

malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow