13 Blood System Vocab Flashcards
4 major plasma proteins
albumin, globulins, (fibrinogen, prothrombin)clotting
albumin
protein in blood, maintains the proper amount of water in blood
antibody (Ab)
protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.
antigen
substance that stimulates the production of an antibody
basophil
wbc containing granules that stain blue, associated with release of histamine and heparin
bilirubin
yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when rbc die
colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
protein that stimulated the growth and proliferation of wbc (granulocytes)
differentiation
change in structure and function of a cell as it matures, specialization
electrophoresis
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
eosinophil
wbc containing granules stains red, associated with allergic reactions
erythrocyte
rbc, 5 mil per microliter
erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates rbc formation
fibrin
protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
globulin
plasma protein; alpha, beta, gamma (immune) globulins are examples
granulocyte
wbc with numerous dark staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
hemoglobin
blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in rbc
hemolysis
destruction or breakdown of rbc
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
immunoglobulin
protein (globulin) with antibody activity; IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgI
leukocyte
wbc
lymphocyte
mononuclear wbc that produces antibodies
macrophage
monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. as a phagocyte it engulfs foreign material and debris
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
monocyte
wbc with one large nucleus, engulfs foreign material, become macrophage when they leave blood and enter body tissue
mononuclear
pertaining to a cell with single round nucleus, lymphocytes and monocytes
neutrophil
granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow, phagocytic
plasma
liquid portion of blood, contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins
plasmaphersis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge, collected cells transferred back, fresh-frozen plasma used to replace withdrawn plasma
platelet
small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
prothrombin
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte
Rh factor
antigen on rbc of rh-positive individuals… first seen in rhesus monkeys
serum
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature specialized forms. a hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
thrombocyte
platelet