18 Endocrine System Vocab/hormones Flashcards
Thyroid hormones
Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3). calcitonin
Thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine (T3)
thyroid; increase metabolism in body cells
calcitonin
thyroid; lowers blood calcium - enters bones
parathyroids hormone
parathyroid hormone - increase blood calcium
adrenal cortex hormones
cortisol (glucocorticoid), aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) androgen, estrogens (sex hormones); sugar, salt, sex
cortisol (glucocorticoid)
adrenal cortex; increase blood sugar
aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
adrenal cortex; increase reabsorption of sodium
androgens, estrogens (sex hormones)
adrenal cortex; secondary sex characteristics
adrenal medulla hormones
epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
epinephrine (adrenaline)
adrenal medulla; sympathomimetic
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
adrenal medulla; sympathomimetic
pancreas islet cells hormones
insulin and glucagon
insulin
pancreas; decrease blood sugar (glucose to glycogen)
glucagon
alpha islets pancreas; increase blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)
anterior pituitary gland hormones
growth hormone (somatotropin), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Gonadotropins (FSH and LH), prolactin (PRL)
growth hormone (somatotropin)
anterior pituitary gland; increase bone and tissue growth
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
anterior pituitary gland;stimulates thyroid gland and thyroxine (T4) secretion
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex, especially cortisol secretion
Gonadotropins - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
anterior pituitary gland; oogenesis and spermatogenesis
Gonadotropins - lutenizing hormone (LH)
anterior pituitary gland; promotes ovulation or testosterone secretions
prolactin (PRL)
anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth of breast tissue and milk secretion
posterior pituitary gland hormones
antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin), oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
posterior pituitary gland; stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
oxytocin
posterior pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth
ovary hormones
estrogen, progesterone
estrogen
ovaries; promotes development of ova and female secondary sex characteristics
progesterone
ovaries; prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy
testes hormone
testosterone
testosterone
testes; promotes development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics
cortex
outer section
medulla
inner section
pancreas
islet(alpha and beta) cells (islets of langerhans) secretes hormones. also contain cells that are exocrine - secrete enzymes into small intestine to aid in digestion
pituitary gland (hypophysis)
base of the brain - sella turcica, ant (adenohypophysis) and post (neurohypophysis)
catecholamines
hormone derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla - epi is an example
corticosteroids
hormones (steroids) produced by adrenal cortex - cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens
hypothalamus
secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
sympathomimetic
pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system - adrenaline (raises bp and hr, and dilates airways)
