18 Endocrine System Pathology Flashcards
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid - lack of iodine in the diet = low T3 and T4 levels
hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland, thyrotoxicosis (grave disease) increase hr, high body temp, hyperactivity, weight loss, exopthalmos
hypothyroidism
underactivity of the thyroid gland. myxedema, cretinism
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid, removal is normally necessary
hyperparathyroidism
excessive production of parathormone - hypercalcemia occurs and cause damage to kidneys and hear, bones become weak, kidney stones
hypoparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone - hypocalcemia = muscle and nerve weakness, muscle spasms (tetany)
adrenal virilisim
excessive secretion of adrenal androgens - females get male like characteristics
cushing syndrome
group of s/s produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex - obesity, full face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, excess ACTH or tumor - to much use of cortisone like drugs
addison disease
hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex low aldosterone and cortisol blood levels
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain a dark or dusky (phe/o), tumor cells produce excess secretion of spinephrine and norepinephrine
hyperinsulinism
excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia
diabetes mellitus (DM)
lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells, type I is AI, Type II different inheritance
secondary complication of diabetes
stroke, retinopathy, glaucoma and cataracts, atherosclerosis, nephrpathy, neuropathy, gangrene
acromegaly
hypersecretion of GH from the ant pit after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities
gigantism
hypersecretion of GH from the ant pit before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues
