12 Respiratory System Pathology

Question 1

pleural rub

Answer 1

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Question 2

rales (crackles)

Answer 2

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli - pneumonina, bronchiectasis, acute brochitis

Question 3

rhonchi

Answer 3

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum (snoring) indicated congestion and inflammation in larger brochial tubes

Question 4

sputum

Answer 4

material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Question 5

stridor

Answer 5

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx - throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergy, epiglottitis, laryngitis

Question 6

wheezes

Answer 6

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing, asthma bc of narrow bronchi

Question 7

croup

Answer 7

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough and stridor. RSV- respiratory syncytial virus

Question 8

diptheria

Answer 8

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diptheria bacterium

Question 9

pertussis

Answer 9

whooping cough, highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea, bordatella pertussis

Question 10

asthma

Answer 10

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

Question 11

bronchiectasis

Answer 11

chronic dilation of bronchus secondary to infection, chronic infection, no drainage. cough, fever, expectoration of purulent sputum

Question 12

chronic bronchitis

Answer 12

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 13

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 13

CF - inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 14

atelectasis

Answer 14

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 15

pulmonary parenchyma

Answer 15

bronchioles and alveoli

Question 16

emphysema

Answer 16

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls- expiratory flow limitation, emphysema and chronic bronchitis are a form of COPD

Question 17

pneumoconisis

Answer 17

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Question 18

pneumonia

Answer 18

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 19

3 types pneumonia

Answer 19

community acquired, hospital acquired, aspiration

Question 20

pulmonary abscess

Answer 20

large collection of pus in the lungs

Question 21

pulmonary edema

Answer 21

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles, caused by CHF, blood backs up in pulmonary vessels and fluid seeps into alveoli and bronchioles

Question 22

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 22

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung, can cause pulmonary infarction

Question 23

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 23

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Question 24

sarcoidosis

Answer 24

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Question 25

tuberculosis TB

Answer 25

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ may be affected. cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis, pleuritic pain

Question 26

mesothelioma

Answer 26

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 27

pleural effusion

Answer 27

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Question 28

pleurisy

Answer 28

inflammation of the pleura