10 Nervous System Disorders

Question 1

hydrocephalus

Answer 1

abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain

Question 2

spina bifida

Answer 2

congenital defects in the LS column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele)

Question 3

alzheimer disease (AD)

Answer 3

brain disorder marked by mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily fxn. marked by loss of neuronal tissue

Question 4

amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 4

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem (lou gehrig)

Question 5

epilepsy

Answer 5

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Question 6

huntington disease

Answer 6

hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration - personality changes and uncontrollable movements

Question 7

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 7

destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the the cns and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue, - slow nerve transmission

Question 8

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 8

autoimmune neromusclar disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. antibodies block transmission of acetylcholine

Question 9

palsy

Answer 9

paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) cerebral- hypoxia, bell -viral

Question 10

parkison disease

Answer 10

degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. caused by deficiency in dopamine

Question 11

tourette syndrome

Answer 11

involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words (assoc with hypersensitivity or excess of dopamine)

Question 12

herpes zoster -shingles

Answer 12

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves- reactivation of varicella

Question 13

meningitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

Question 14

human immunodeficirncy virus (HIV) encephalopathy

Answer 14

brain disease and dementia occurring with aids

Question 15

cerebral contusion

Answer 15

bruising of the brain from trauma- neuro deficit last longer than 24 hours

Question 16

cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

Answer 16

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain: stroke (cerebral infarction) impaired oxygen to brain; thrombotic, emoblic, hemorrhagic

Question 17

thrombotic CVA

Answer 17

blood clot cutting off o2 supply through thrombus or atherosclerosis- TIA (transient ischemic attack

Question 18

embolic CVA

Answer 18

embolus (dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries, occurs very suddenly

Question 19

hemorrhagic CVA

Answer 19

vessel break and bleeding occurs-can be fatal

Question 20

RISK factors for stroke

Answer 20

hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and heart disease. obesity, substance abuse (cocaine), elevated cholesterol

Question 21

tPA

Answer 21

tissue plasminogen activator, started within 3 hours after onset

Question 22

migraine

Answer 22

severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular HA

Question 23

absence seizures

Answer 23

minor form of seizure, consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness

Question 24

aneurysm

Answer 24

enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage or stroked

Question 25

ictal

Answer 25

pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure

Question 26

tonic-clonic gran mal

Answer 26

loc, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements