10 Nervous System Disorders Flashcards
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain
spina bifida
congenital defects in the LS column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele)
alzheimer disease (AD)
brain disorder marked by mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily fxn. marked by loss of neuronal tissue
amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem (lou gehrig)
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
huntington disease
hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration - personality changes and uncontrollable movements
multiple sclerosis (MS)
destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the the cns and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue, - slow nerve transmission
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neromusclar disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. antibodies block transmission of acetylcholine
palsy
paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) cerebral- hypoxia, bell -viral
parkison disease
degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. caused by deficiency in dopamine
tourette syndrome
involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words (assoc with hypersensitivity or excess of dopamine)
herpes zoster -shingles
viral infection affecting peripheral nerves- reactivation of varicella
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
human immunodeficirncy virus (HIV) encephalopathy
brain disease and dementia occurring with aids
cerebral contusion
bruising of the brain from trauma- neuro deficit last longer than 24 hours
cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain: stroke (cerebral infarction) impaired oxygen to brain; thrombotic, emoblic, hemorrhagic
thrombotic CVA
blood clot cutting off o2 supply through thrombus or atherosclerosis- TIA (transient ischemic attack
embolic CVA
embolus (dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries, occurs very suddenly
hemorrhagic CVA
vessel break and bleeding occurs-can be fatal
RISK factors for stroke
hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and heart disease. obesity, substance abuse (cocaine), elevated cholesterol
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator, started within 3 hours after onset
migraine
severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular HA
absence seizures
minor form of seizure, consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness
aneurysm
enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage or stroked
ictal
pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure
tonic-clonic gran mal
loc, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements
