32 - B CELLS 6 Flashcards
where does the diversity in molecules of human adaptive immunity come from?
characteristics of the germinal center
what state are B cells in when they first enter the germinal center?
what happens in the germinal center?
dynamic and complex
how does secondary diversification happen in the germinal center
what happens in the light vs dark zone
what is the role of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and Tfh cells in the germinal center
what happens to the B cells in the dark zone and then the light zone
what happens to B cells that process the Ag and present it on MHCII
what are the outcomes of the processes that occur in the germinal center
characteristics of AID (activation induced cytidine deaminase)
how are B cells with higher affinity selected
characteristics of class switching recombination (CSR)
steps of class switch recombination
- B cell receives cytokine signal, transcription is activated upstream of constant region
- DNA is now accessible to AID on ssDNA
- nicks are made on both strands of DNA, which is irreversible
- ds breaks in the DNA upstream of constant region will be recombined
- ds break repair machinery repairs break by cutting out the intervening DNA
- selected region now adjacent to VDJ region
what is protective immunity and immunological memory
what is immunological memory and what does it depend on
differences between primary and memory responses
what are features of immunological memory
summary
