1.94 The Hip Joint Flashcards
What are the degrees of the movement of the hip joint?
Abduction - 30-45
Adduction - 20-30
Lateral rotation - 30-45
Medial rotation - 40-50
What is the hip movement compare to the shoulder joint?
Decreased range of movement compared to shoulder joint but greater strength and stability
Extension limited to ~10° by iliofemoral ligament distinguished from movement at sacro-iliac joint
Flexion limited to ~100° with knee extended
Flexion increases to ~130° with knee flexed
Which muscles are the rotator extensors?
Gluteus maximus
Pelvis - gluteal tuberosity
What are the abductors?
Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus
Rotators - Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Gemellus Inferior, Obturator internus
Pelvis - Greater Trochanter
What are the rotators?
Quadratus femoris
What is the articulation of the hip joint?
Ring of circular fibres of capsule forms orbicular zone
Head is covered in hyaline except for fovea
Only 50% of head articulates
What makes up the acetabular labrum?
Fibrocartilagenous collar
What do th ligaments of the acetabulum connect?
Connects fovea of femur to acetabular fossa and transverse ligament
Contains acetabular branch of obturator artery which supplies head of femur
When can Hip Dislocation occur?
Congenital - mainly in females
Car accidents - may damage sciatic - femur does posteriorly
what are the intrinsic ligaments of the hip joint?
• Iliofemoral ligament
○ Supports anterior/superior part of joint
○ Very strong, helps prevent over-extension
• Pubofemoral ligament
○ Strengthens anterior/inferior part of joint
○ Limits extension and abduction
• Ischiofemoral ligament
○ Blends with orbicular zone
Limits over-extension
What is hilton’s law?
nerves to muscles which move a joint also provide sensory innervation to the joint
what is the innervation to the gluteal region?
• Pudendal nerve S2-S4
• via lesser sciatic foramen
• (supplies perineum – NOT hip)
• Superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1 (G. Medius and
minimus)
• Inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2 (G. Maximus)s
• Nerve to obturator internus L5-S2 (Obturator internus, Gemellus superior)
Nerve to quadratus femoris L4-S1 (Quadratus femoris, Gemellus InferiorWhat is the innervation to th muscles of the lower limb?
• Femoral nerve L2-L4 • Posterior divisions of anterior rami • Iliopsoas, Quadriceps, Sartorius • Pectineus • Obturator nerve L2-L4 • Anterior divisions of anterior rami • Adductors longus, brevis, magnus • Obturator externus • Gracillis • Sciatic nerve L4-S3 Hamstrings
What are the femoral fractures?
Femoral neck fracture - can disrupt intracaspular blood supply - may need a replacement
Intertrochanteric fracture - from greater to less trochanter - pin
Femoral shaft fracture - large force require - surrounding tissue will be damaged
What are the symptoms of a femoral fracture?
Lower limb shortened
Externally rotated
