1.29 Mouth and Tongue

Question 1

What makes up Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 1

(superior to inferior)
1 - pharyngeal/adenoid - roof of nasopharynx
2 - tubal tonsils - eustachean tube
2 - palatine tonsils
1 - lingual tonsil - poster 1/3 of tongue

Question 2

What are the attachments of the mylohyloid muscle?

Answer 2

Hyoid bone and the mylohyoid line on the interior of the mandible

Question 3

What is the function of the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 3

Elevates the floor of the mouth and hyoid, can also depress mandible if hyoid is fixed

Question 4

What are the attachments and function of the geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 4

inferior mental spine and hyoid bone

Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid and can depress mandible if hyoid is fixed

Question 5

What are the innervations for each muscle?

Answer 5

mylohyoid - mandibular v3

Geniohyoid - C1

Question 6

Name the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue…

Answer 6

Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus

Question 7

What are the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 7

Vetical, Longitudinal and transverse

Change shape of the tongue

Question 8

Explain the hyoglossal muscle and its attachments…

Answer 8

Curves around the sides of the genioglossus, arises from hyoid bone and attaches to the superior mental spines

Question 9

What innervates the extrinsic muscles?

Answer 9

All innervated by the hypoglossal nerve XII except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus X

Question 10

What can be found in the space between the myohyoid and hypoglassal muscles?

Answer 10

Lingual VAN, sumandibular and sublingual ducts

Question 11

What are the functions and attachements of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 11

Styloid process and then inserts into the tongue

Pulls tongue upwards and backwards

Question 12

What are the attachments and functions of the palatoglossus muscle?

Answer 12

Arises from the soft palate - slings underneath tongue and hooks around hamate
Elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate

Question 13

What is the sulcus terminalis?

Answer 13

V shaped groove - splits tongue into posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3

Question 14

What are the fungiform and filiform papillae?

Answer 14

Fungiform - mostly taste - VII

Filliform - middle - rough - VII

Question 15

What are the circumvallate papillae?

Answer 15

Originated from posterior 1/3, found just anterior to the sulcus terminals - taste - IX

Question 16

What is the embryological remnant of the thyroid gland in the tongue?

Answer 16

Foramen Cecum

Question 17

Which part of the tongue is pharyngeal and what is located there?

Answer 17

Posterior third - lingual tonsil is found there

Question 18

How many circumvallate papillae are there usually?

Answer 18

10 - 12

Question 19

What could happen if the thyroid gland doesn’t fully descend?

Answer 19

The thyroglossal duct is patent - lump in neck

Question 20

What is the blood supply of the tongue?

Answer 20

Lingual artery - from ex. carotid - splits into dorsal and sublingual
lingual vein - to int. jugular - dorsal and sublingual

Question 21

Which nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 21

VII facial - via the chord tympani

Question 22

What is the test for a lesion in the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 22

Ask patient to stick tongue out - deviation - lesion on the affected side

Question 23

What is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 23

A loop of nerves which are part of the cervical plecus - c1 - c3 - hitch a lift with XII for a bit - innervate infra hyoid muscle except for the thyrohyoid (C1)

Question 24

Through which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull and what type of innervation does it provide the tongue?

Answer 24

Jugular foramen

Innervates posterior 1/3 - sensation and taste

Question 25

Which nerve provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 25

Lingual nerve - V3

Question 26

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland?

Answer 26

Chordae tympani - VII

Question 27

What is the function and innervation of the tensor veli palatine?

Answer 27

Tenses and flattens soft palate

Innervated by V3

Question 28

Where do the tensor vali palatine muscles unite?

Answer 28

Midline aponeurosis - forms the uvula - hooks round the pterygoid humulus

Question 29

What is the function and function of levator veli palatine muscle?

Answer 29

Elevates soft palate
X vagus
*superior to tensor vali palatini

Question 30

What is the test for the levator veli and the vagus nerve?

Answer 30

Tell patient to say “aaahh” - check of uvula rises equally on both sides

Question 31

What is the function and innervation of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 31

Depresses soft palate
X vagus
*forms palatopharyngeal arch

Question 32

What are the functions and innervations of palatoglossus and musculus uvulae?

Answer 32

Depress soft palate/ raise uvula

X vagus