1.29 Mouth and Tongue Flashcards
What makes up Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue?
(superior to inferior)
1 - pharyngeal/adenoid - roof of nasopharynx
2 - tubal tonsils - eustachean tube
2 - palatine tonsils
1 - lingual tonsil - poster 1/3 of tongue
What are the attachments of the mylohyloid muscle?
Hyoid bone and the mylohyoid line on the interior of the mandible
What is the function of the mylohyoid muscle?
Elevates the floor of the mouth and hyoid, can also depress mandible if hyoid is fixed
What are the attachments and function of the geniohyoid muscle?
inferior mental spine and hyoid bone
Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid and can depress mandible if hyoid is fixed
What are the innervations for each muscle?
mylohyoid - mandibular v3
Geniohyoid - C1
Name the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue…
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
What are the intrinsic muscles?
Vetical, Longitudinal and transverse
Change shape of the tongue
Explain the hyoglossal muscle and its attachments…
Curves around the sides of the genioglossus, arises from hyoid bone and attaches to the superior mental spines
What innervates the extrinsic muscles?
All innervated by the hypoglossal nerve XII except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus X
What can be found in the space between the myohyoid and hypoglassal muscles?
Lingual VAN, sumandibular and sublingual ducts
What are the functions and attachements of the styloglossus muscle?
Styloid process and then inserts into the tongue
Pulls tongue upwards and backwards
What are the attachments and functions of the palatoglossus muscle?
Arises from the soft palate - slings underneath tongue and hooks around hamate
Elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
What is the sulcus terminalis?
V shaped groove - splits tongue into posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3
What are the fungiform and filiform papillae?
Fungiform - mostly taste - VII
Filliform - middle - rough - VII
What are the circumvallate papillae?
Originated from posterior 1/3, found just anterior to the sulcus terminals - taste - IX
What is the embryological remnant of the thyroid gland in the tongue?
Foramen Cecum
Which part of the tongue is pharyngeal and what is located there?
Posterior third - lingual tonsil is found there
How many circumvallate papillae are there usually?
10 - 12
What could happen if the thyroid gland doesn’t fully descend?
The thyroglossal duct is patent - lump in neck
What is the blood supply of the tongue?
Lingual artery - from ex. carotid - splits into dorsal and sublingual
lingual vein - to int. jugular - dorsal and sublingual
Which nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
VII facial - via the chord tympani
What is the test for a lesion in the hypoglossal nerve?
Ask patient to stick tongue out - deviation - lesion on the affected side
What is the ansa cervicalis?
A loop of nerves which are part of the cervical plecus - c1 - c3 - hitch a lift with XII for a bit - innervate infra hyoid muscle except for the thyrohyoid (C1)
Through which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull and what type of innervation does it provide the tongue?
Jugular foramen
Innervates posterior 1/3 - sensation and taste
