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TSM > 1.88 Mood Disorder 2 > Flashcards

1.88 Mood Disorder 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When does normal anxiety become a disorder?

A

• Intense
• Frequent
• Persistent
Impairs functioning

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2
Q

What physical symptoms can be present with anxiety?

A

Physical, Muscular, Cardiovascular, GI, and urological

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of GAD?

A

• Psychological/physical and autonomic
• Chronic but fluctuating
NOT ‘situational’

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4
Q

What is diagnosis of gad?

A

6 months of symptoms

At least 1 autonomic plus 3 other symptoms

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5
Q

What are the treatments for it?

A
  • Avoid caffeine and stressors
    • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
    • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors but also Benzodiazepines/ SNRIs/ TCAs/ antipsychotics
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6
Q

Describe panic attacks…

A

• Discrete
• Last a few minutes
• Physical symptoms
Catastrophising - fear of dying, losing control, going mad

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7
Q

What are the symptoms like?

A 
Random, recurrent.  
NOT situational (c.f. panic attacks in other diagnoses)
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8
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

discrete, distressing, rapid onset, rapid resolution
1 autonomic and at least 3 physical/ psychological
severity criteria

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9
Q

What can be the causes of panic disorders?

A

30% heritability, induced by lactate/ flumazenil

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10
Q

What is the treatment?

A

CBT

SSRIs/ TCAs/ SNRIs/ benzodiazepines

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11
Q

What are the three types of phobia?

A

Specific
Social
Agoraphobia - fear of public places

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of OCD?

A

obsessional thoughts

compulsive acts

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13
Q

What causes of OCD?

A

stress-diathesis
obsessional personality
orbitofrontal cortex activity ↑

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14
Q

Which monoamines are related to mood disorders?

A

Serotonin
Noradrenaline
Dopamine

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15
Q

What do TCAs, reserpine and MAIOs do?

A

TCA’s – inhibit 5-HT and NA uptake
MAOI’s – inhibit metabolism of 5-HT and NA
Reserpine reduces 5-HT and NA and increases suicide

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16
Q

Where do serotonin pathways go?

A 
FROM RAPHE NUCLEUS 
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Striatum (caudate putamen)
Hippocampus
17
Q

What are serotonin pathways important in controlling?

A

Appetitive

Emotions

18
Q

Where do noradrenaline pathways begin and lead to?

A 
FROM LOCUS CERULUES 
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Limbic system
19
Q

What are noradrenaline pathways important in controlling?

A

• Influences arousal/wakefulness
• Implicated in mood/behaviour
• Appetitive
Sexual behaviour

20
Q

What are the three main dopamine pathways?

A 
• Nigrostriatal
		○ Parkinson's Disease
• Mesolimbic/Mesocortical
		○ Depression
                    Addiction
21
Q

How can stress alter neuronal morphology?

A

Hippocampus - Decreased dendrites and pyramidal cells CA3, CA1 - memory
Prefrontal cortex - Decreased dendrites - Layer II/III/V pyramidal cells - emotion and attention
Amygdala - increase arborisation - increased anxiety?

22
Q

Which areas are involved with neurogenesis in the brain?

A

Dentate Gyrus hippocampus

Subventricular zone

23
Q

What is the function of brain derived neuronal factor?

A

Increases neurogenesis

Increases synaptic formation

24
Q

What affect does stress have on BDNF?

A

Reduces BDNF

25
Q

How many subtypes of receptors are there for 5-HT?

A

5-HT 1-7 receptor subtypes
Many linked to mood/anxiety
5-HT1a main adapt chronic stress

26
Q

What is the normal role of 5-ht?

A

Maintains positive emotion

Prevents negative emotion

27
Q

What are the effects of lowering 5-ht in a healthy person?

A

Little or no effects on mood
Increased response times in attentional task to happy and neutral (but not sad) targets
Impaired recall to happy and neutral (but not sad) targets
Increase attention to negative items/memories

28
Q

What are the somatodendritic and termainal auto receptors?

A

Somatodendritic - 5-HT1a

Terminal - 5-HT1d

29
Q

Do they inhibit or induce activity of that neurorone?

A

Induces

30
Q

What happens to the 5HT 1 receptors in depression and stress?

A

Activation of inhibitory so less firing of 5HT

31
Q

What other type of receptor is present in the raphe cell?

A

alpha 1 - noradrenalne - excitatory

TSM (67 decks)

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