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TSM > 1.103 Fracture repair > Flashcards

1.103 Fracture repair Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of a fracture of compact bone?

A

Femoral shaft

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2
Q

What is cancellous bone?

A

Spongy bone - femoral metaphyses

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3
Q

What is a fracture in the immature (woven) bone called?

A

Fracture callus

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4
Q

What are Volkmann’s canals and where are they found?

A

Contain blood vessels in cortical bones (femoral shaft)

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5
Q

Which bone shave high and low turnover rate?

A

Crotical - low turnover

cancellous - spongy - high turnover

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6
Q

What is the bone matrix made up of?

A 
Organic - 40% 
Collagen type 1 
Proteoglycans 
Inorganic - 60%
Calcium and phosphate type compounds
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7
Q

What is a basic multicellular unit?

A

Remodelling occurs via small packets of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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8
Q

What is Wolf’s law?

A

Increased mechanical stress gains bone density

Fracture patients should weight bear

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9
Q

What are the stages of fracture healing?

A 
Haemorrhage 
Inflammation
Callus repair
Callus consolidation
Remodelling
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10
Q

What happens in the inflammation stage of fracture repair?

A 
Acute inflammatory response 
Out pouring inflammatory exude 
Proteins 
Fibroblasts 
Hemapoeitic cells
Growth factors 
Granulation tissue around fracture ends 
Immature osteoblasts
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11
Q

What is the purpose of inflammation?

A

Essential for bone repair
Removes dead tissues - macrophages
Enables correct cells to be recruited in the area

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12
Q

What is callus formation?

A

Immature bone - 2 weeks after fracture
Chondronergic and osteogenic cells proliferate
Thick cellular mass - Callus
This splints the bone ends
Osteoclasts absorb and mop up damage done

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13
Q

What is callus consolidation?

A

Immature (callus) bone transformed into mature - lamellar - bone

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14
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

abnormal repetetive stress

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15
Q

What is a fatigue fracture?

A

repetetive stress on an abnormal bone - osteoporosis

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16
Q

What is a pathological fracture?

A

Pain prior to fracture - infection

17
Q

What is primary bone healing? (direct)

A 
Direct remodelling 
Direct bone healing 
Rigid fixation 
No callus 
Absolute stability
18
Q

What is secondary (indirect) bone healing?

A

Normal biological healing
Callus formation
A mixture of endochondral and intramembronous ossification

TSM (67 decks)

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