Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TSM > 1.48 Eye Problems > Flashcards

1.48 Eye Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Band Keratinopathy….

A

Corneal disease - build up of calcium - cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can Pin Holw differentiate between…

A

Reduced vision due to refractive error (glasses) or pathological cause (retinal damage etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the vision needed for a uk driving license…

A

6/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the examination findings with someone with a cataract…

A 
• Clear Cornea
• Cataract
• Clear Vitreous
• Normal retina
No focal visual field defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of cataracts …

A

Nucleus sclerosis - glare

Cortical - reduce visual acuity and glare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the post operative complications of cataracts…

A

• Posterior capsule opacification (PCO)
• Infection
• “endophthalmitis” - staph epidermidis most common agent - treated with antibiotics injection directly into the eye - severe loss of vision results
• blepharitis is a risk factor for endophthalmitis
• Corneal oedema (swelling of the cornea)
• Cystoid macular oedema (swelling of the macula)
• Raised intra ocular pressure
Retinal detachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can cause a chiasmal syndrome or lesion?

A

Pituitary adenomasare the most common cause; however, chiasmal syndrome may be caused bycancer, or associated with other medical conditions such asmultiple sclerosisandneurofibromatosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can constrict the gross peripheral field vision?

A 
• Chronic Glaucoma
• Chronic optic disc 
   swelling (papilloedema)
• Retinitis Pigmentosa - affects the retina 
• Functional
• Visual acuity may be
   normal yet patient
   functionally blind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a macula lesion cause…

A

Unilateral Central Scotoma with Distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does retinal detachment cause..

A

Unilateral Peripheral/Total vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does an acute optic nerve lesion cause…

A

Unilateral Central Scotoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does an acute optic nerve lesion cause (glaucoma or pappilloedoma)…

A

Peripheral constriction (tunnel vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a lesion in the chiasm result in…

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia (hetero)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a lesion in the post chiasm result in…

A

Loss of field opposite to site of lesion in both eyes

Eg left optic tract lesion causes inner field loss in left eye and outer field loss in right eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

explain and say what causes total afferent pupil defect in one eye….

A 
• Both pupils same size at rest
• Light to affected eye
	• No constriction of either pupil
• Light to normal eye
	• Both pupils constrict
• Light back to affected eye
Both pupils dilate
On optic nerve sections or retinal detachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain and say what causes efferent pupil defects…

A 
• Pupils different sizes at rest
• Sphincter (Constriction) (failure)
	• Parasympathetic via IIIn
• Dilator (failure)
	• Sympathetic via Carotid artery
Damage to iris
17
Q

What could causes failure of the pupils to constrict…

A

Preganglionic from midbrain to orbit with IIIn
• compressed in brain swelling
• compressed by aneurysms in circle of Willis
• seen as part of IIIn palsy
• Postganglionic from ciliary ganglion to eye via
short posterior ciliary nerves
• affected by lesions of ciliary ganglion
eg Adie’s pupil
• Pathology of pupil sphincter
• eg high intraocular pressure in acute glaucoma
Ischeamia - high pressure - cant constrict

18
Q

What could cause failure of the pupils to dilate…

A 
• Damage to ocular sympathetic supply known as
   Horner’s Syndrome
		- Failure of pupil dilation 
		○ Partial Ptosis 
			(drooping of eyelid)
		○ If preganglionic
			§ Anhydrosis 
				(Failure to sweat 
				on affected side)
			§ If congenital (or onset prior 
		     to 12 months); iris heterochromia
• Preganglionic from T1 to superior cervical ganglion
	• compressed in lung tumours
	• compressed by cervical rib
• Postganglionic from SCG to eye via ICA via long
   posterior ciliary nerves
	• affected by lesions of ICA eg dissection, 
	   aneurysm 
• Pathology of pupil dilator
eg uveitis
19
Q

What can cause an acute red eye….

A 
Angle closure glaucoma
Endophthalmitis
Conjuctivitis - bacterial, viral, fungal 
Corneal ulcer 
Episcleritis 
Scleritis 
Acute anterior uveitis 
Subconjuctival hemorrhage 
Trauma 
Globe puncture
20
Q

What can cause painful acute vision loss…

A

• Acute glaucoma
• Other causes of red eye
Optic neuritis

21
Q

What can cause painless acute visual loss…

A 
• Vitreous haemorrhage
	• Retinal detachment
	• Central Retinal Artery/Vein Occlusion
	• Wet Age Related Macular Degeneration
	• Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
Arteritic / Non Arteritic

TSM (67 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions