1.68 Shoulder

Question 1

What are three classifications of joints?

Answer 1

Firbous, cartilagenous and synovial

Question 2

What are the classifications of the fibrous joints and where are they found?

Answer 2

Syndesmosis - tibiofibular articulation
Suture - skull
Gomphosis - Teeth to jawbone

Question 3

What are fibrous joints made up of?

Answer 3

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

What are the classification of the cartilaginous joint and where are they found?

Answer 4

Synchondrosis - 1st rib, sternum

Symphysis - intervertebral dics, symphysis pubis

Question 5

What are the cartilaginous joints made up of?

Answer 5

synchondrosis - Hyaline cartilage

symphysis - fibrocartilage

Question 6

What are the classifications of synovial joints and where are they found?

Answer 6

Gliding or plane joints - acromioclavicular, carpals 
Hinge joints - elbow 
Saddle - sternoclavicular 
Condyloid - Knuckle 
Ball and socket - shoulder 
Pivot - atlas/axis

Question 7

What are synovial joints made up of?

Answer 7

Hyaline, synovial membrane and capsule

Question 8

Does the should joint have stability or mobility ?

Answer 8

Mobility rather than stability

Question 9

What stabilises the shoulder joint?

Answer 9

Rotator cuff muscles and ligaments

Question 10

In which direction does the humerus pop out of the gleaned cavity?

Answer 10

Anterior/inferior direction

Question 11

Which nerve can be damaged as a result?

Answer 11

Axillary

Question 12

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 12

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
subscapularis

Question 13

Which muscles are the abductors of the shoulder?

Answer 13

Supraspinatus - 15 degrees

Deltoid

Question 14

Which muscles adduct the shoulder?

Answer 14

Theres Major

Question 15

Which muscles are lateral rotators?

Answer 15

Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Post. Fibres of deltoid

Question 16

Which muscles extend the shoulder?

Answer 16

Long head of tricpes brachii

Question 17

Which muscles are elevators or rotators of the scapula?

Answer 17

Levator scapulae

Trapezius

Question 18

Which muscles are stabilisers of the scapula?

Answer 18

Pec minor and serrators anterior

Question 19

Explain the rotator cuff injury…

Answer 19

Patient registers pain only over a limited arc of abduction, which is when the damaged supraspinatos tendon is compressed against the coracoacromial arch.
Before and after the tendon is free in the subacromial space

Question 20

What can a rotator cuff injury lead to?

Answer 20

Trauma - vascular reaction - swelling - impingement (repeat) - cuff distruption - OA

Question 21

Supraspinous tendinosus…

Answer 21

Resisted initial abduction - anterior greater tuberosity pain

Question 22

Infraspinus tendinosus…

Answer 22

resisted - external - lateral rotation - posterior greater tuberosity

Question 23

Subscapularus tendinosus…

Answer 23

resisted - internal - medial rotation - lesser tuberosity

Question 24

Subacromial bursitis…

Answer 24

progressively disappears as arm is abducted to 180 degrees - greater tuberosity

Question 25

Bicipital (long head) bursitis…

Answer 25

bicipital groove - resisted supination of arm and flexion of elbow

Question 26

Neuralgic myopathy…

Answer 26

Around the shoulder, weakness and paralysis of deltoid and altered sensation over axillary area

Question 27

Which muscle stabilise the pectoral girdle to the posteriorly to the trunk?

Answer 27

Latissmus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboid major, minor an elevator scapulae

Question 28

Which muscle stabilises the scapula on the trunk whilst the hands are pushing forward against resistance?

Answer 28

Serratous anterior

Question 29

What landmarks mark the transition of the axillary artery?

Answer 29

1st rib

Teres major muscle