18.1 Tumor immunology Flashcards
Tumors are abnormal mass of tissue; which is also known as?
Neoplasm
Neoplasm is compromised of 2 components:
P______
S_______
Parenchyma
Stroma
Proliferating cells
a. Parenchyma
b. Stroma
a
Supporting cells
a. Parenchyma
b. Stroma
b
Study of tumors
Oncology
More Differentiated (More normal looking)
a. Benign
b. Malignant
a
Less differentiated, Cancer
a. Benign
b. Malignant
b
Malignant tumor are capable of M_________
metastasis
Lab detection of tumors:
- Gross and microscopic morphology
- IHC or automated immunoassay
- Molecular method
Which doe not belong?
None
Gold standard for detecting/identifying tumors
Biopsy
Biological substances that are found in increased amounts in the blood, body fluids, or tissues or patients with a specific type of cancer
Tumor markers
Tumor marker in itself are not definitive and requires more testing
T or F
T
4 major clinical classification of tumor markers:
Sc______
Di_____
Pr_____
Mo______
Screening
Diagnostic
Prognostic
Monitoring
Virus that can cause Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgekin lymphoma
EBV
Which among Hepa B or C has the higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?
C
What virus can cause Kaposi sarcoma?
HIV
Virus that can cause Cervical Cancer. and other genital cancer
Human papilloma Virus
Virus that can cause Adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Merkel cell Carcinoma (Skin cancer
Merkel Cell polymavirus
Cell surface markers include estrogen and progesterone receptors CD markers on WBC which is a prognosis from hormone therapy in ________ cancer
Breast
Proteins Tumor markers:
Well-differentiated papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma
Thyroglobulin
Proteins Tumor markers:
Multiple myeloma and lymphoid malignancies
Ig and Ig light chains (Bence Jones proteins)
Oncofetal antigens:
Germ cell carcinomas
Alpha-fetoprotein
Oncofetal antigens:
Colorectal cancer
Carcinoembryonic antigen
CHO antigens:
CA125
Ovarian cancer
CHO antigens:
CA15-3
Breast cancer
CHO antigens:
CA19-9
Pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancer
Enzymes and Isoenzymes:
Prostate cancer
Prostate-specific antigen
Enzymes and Isoenzymes:
Elevates in pancreatic tumor
Prostate-Specific antigen (PSA)
Enzymes and Isoenzymes:
Bone and liver cancer
Alkaline phosphatase
Enzymes and Isoenzymes:
Neural tissue neoplasms
Neuron-specific enolase
Hormones:
Germ cell carcinoma, trophoblastic tumors
a. Human chorionic gonadotropin
b. Calcitonin
c. Gastrin
a
Hormones:
Medullary thyroid cancer
a. Human chorionic gonadotropin
b. Calcitonin
c. Gastrin
b
Hormones:
Pancreatic cancer
a. Human chorionic gonadotropin
b. Calcitonin
c. Gastrin
c
