Yang (8 questions)

Question 1

Contrast the organization and neuron types in the ANS (cholinergic vs adrenergic, pre vs post ganglionic)

Question 2

Identify the major neurotransmitters found in the ANS

Question 3

Differentiate sympathetic control of the sweat glands, kidney, and adrenal glands from other areas of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 4

Use interchangeably the terms describing drugs affecting the ANS (cholinergic vs parasympathomimetic)

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 5

-regulation of involuntary muscle, glands
-autonomic tone (active at rest)
-sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

ANS neuron path

Answer 6

-preganglionic (CNS) projects to postganglionic neuron (peripheral)
-projects to target organ

Question 7

Acetylcholine is a transmitter for:

Answer 7

-all PREganglionic neurons
-POSTganglionic in PARAsympathetic NS
-also SWEAT glands

Question 8

Norepinephrine is a transmitter for:

Answer 8

-most SNS POSTganglionic neurons

Question 9

other neurotransmitters

Answer 9

-epinephrine: adrenal medulla
-dopamine: renal vasc

Question 10

PSNS neuron pathway

Answer 10

1. LONG PREganglionic
   -release ACh
2. SHORT POSTganglionic
   -release ACh to target

Question 11

SNS neuron pathway

Answer 11

1. SHORT PREganglionic neurons
   -release ACh
2. LONG POSTganglionic
   -release NOREPINEPHRINE to target organ

*** think of the S in SNS standing for Short

Question 12

Sweat glands

Answer 12

-stress sweat: norepinephrine
-thermoregulation: ACh

Question 13

Adrenal Gland

Answer 13

-PREganglionic neurons synapse directly on gland
-release EPINEPHRINE into circulation

Question 14

Kidneys

Answer 14

-DOPAMINE

Question 15

Most POSTganglionic sympathetic neurons release what?

Answer 15

-norepinephrine

Question 16

PSNS agonists are also called

Answer 16

-cholinergic
-muscarinic agonist

Question 17

SNS agonists are also called

Answer 17

-Adrenergic (agonist)

Question 18

Cholinergic receptor subtypes

Answer 18

-Nictotinic
-Muscarinic

Question 19

Muscarinic receptors

Answer 19

-cholinergic
-GPCRs
-M1, M3, M5 (Gq)
-M2, M4 (Gi)

Question 20

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 20

-a1 (Gq)
-a2 (Gi)
-B1,2,3 (Gs)

**Gq Gi Gs = qis (kiss)

Question 21

a1

Answer 21

-vasoCONSTRICT
-Gq
-located on smooth muscle tissues

Question 22

a2

Answer 22

-DECREASES neurotransmitter release
=INHIBIT SNS output
-Gi

Question 23

B1, B2, B3 receptors

Answer 23

-Gs

Question 24

ANS functions

Answer 24

-regulate BP
-HR
-bronchoconstriction/dilation

Question 25

Miosis

Answer 25

-pupil CONSTRICTION
-circular muscle by M3

Question 26

Mydriasis

Answer 26

-pupil DILATION
-radial muscle by a1

Question 27

Glaucoma

Answer 27

-pilocarpine (M3)
-brimonidine (a2)
-Timolol

-dec pressure, inhibit outflow

Question 28

Cholinergic AGONIST effect

Answer 28

-dec HR (bradycardia)
-inc secretion of exocrine glands
-smooth muscles contract
-sphincters relax

Question 29

CNS effects of cholinergics

Answer 29

-tremor
-hypothermia
-inc locomotor activity
-improved cognition

Question 30

Muscarinic agonists (cholinergics)

Answer 30

-ACh
-Methacholine
-Carbachol
-Bethanecol
-Muscarine
-Pilocarpine

Question 31

Pilocarpine

Answer 31

-M3
-tx cotton mouth
-tx glaucoma
-inc saliva

Question 32

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 32

-Reversible or irreversible
-Edrophonium
-carbamates
-donepezil

Question 33

Endrophonium

Answer 33

-diagnose MG
-reversible
-wont cross BBB

Question 34

Pyridostigmine

Answer 34

-tx MG
-reverse nondepolarizing blockade
-tx pregas exposure

Question 35

Neostigmine

Answer 35

-MG
-post-op urinary retention

Question 36

Physostigmine

Answer 36

-tx antimuscarinic poisoning
-can cross BBB

Question 37

Organophosphates

Answer 37

-AChE inhibitors
-echothiopate for glaucoma but not used