Lecture 11: Androgens

Question 1

Testosterone

Answer 1

-most important andgrogen
-excreted by testis

Question 2

Testosterone function

Answer 2

-bind androgen receptor
-alter rate of transcription

Question 3

Testosterone synthesis

Answer 3

-8mg produced daily
-95% by leydig cells in testis
-5% by adrenal gland

Question 4

Plasma levels of testosterone

Answer 4

-0.6 ug/dL in men
-0.3 women

Question 5

circulating testosterone states

Answer 5

-bound to SHGB 65%
-bound to albumin 33%
-free 2%

Question 6

Regulation of testosterone synthesis

Answer 6

-testosterone inhibits production of testosterone
-inhibits hypothalmus, anterior pituitary

Question 7

Leydig cells

Answer 7

-produce testosterone from LH

Question 8

setoli cells

Answer 8

-stimulated by FSH

Question 9

Testosterone + aromatase

Answer 9

-17B-estradiol

Question 10

testosterone + 5a reductase

Answer 10

-5a-dihydrotestosterone

Question 11

5a-dihydrotestosterone

Answer 11

-more potent
-major active androgen

Question 12

Testosterone excretion

Answer 12

-occurs in liver
-inactivated to androsterone or ethiocholanolone then conjugated

Question 13

Adrenal androgens

Answer 13

-intermediates of testosterone synthesis
-produced in significant amts
-produced in adrenal glands
-weak androgen effects
-unknown physiological functions

Question 14

Adrenal androgen examples

Answer 14

-androstenedione
-DHEA
-DHEAS

Question 15

Testosterone effects

Answer 15

-puberty changes
-growth promotion
-stimulation and maintenance of sexual function
-stimulate erythrocyte production
-decrease HDL levels

Question 16

growth-promoting properties of testosterone

Answer 16

-penile and scrotal growth
-thick and oily skin
-axillary hair
-deep voice
-skeletal growth
-increase lean body mass (positive N balance)

Question 17

Clinical uses of testosterone

Answer 17

-male androgen replacement therapy
-gynecologic disorders
-protein anabolic agents
-andropause

Question 18

androgen replacement therapy in men

Answer 18

-male hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency)
-hypopituitarism

Question 19

gynecologic disorders treated by testosterone

Answer 19

-endometriosis
-in combo with estrogens for replacement therapy in postmenapausal women
-eliminates endometrial bleeding
-enhances libido

Question 20

protein anabolic agents testosterone use

Answer 20

-reverse protein loss after trauma/immobilization
-in combo with diet and exercise

Question 21

Synthetic androgens types

Answer 21

-17-alkyl forms (oral)
-ester forms (intramuscular)

Question 22

17-alkyl synthetic androgens

Answer 22

-methyltestosterone
-active orally

Question 23

ester synthetic androgens

Answer 23

-prolonged absorption
-better as IM injection
-propionate, enathate, cypionate

Question 24

Anabolic steroid use in sports

Answer 24

-10-200 x larger than daily dose
-increase strength and aggressiveness
-effects only seen in women
-suppress secretion of gonadotropins = testicular atrophy

Question 25

risks of long-time steroid abuse

Answer 25

-low HDL and high LDL
-acne
-high BP
-hepatic dysfunction in case of 17-alkyl steroids

Question 26

Adverse effects of androgens

Answer 26

-should NOT be use in infants or pregnant women
-gonna fuck up ur sexual development

Question 27

Adverse effects of androgens in women

Answer 27

-hirsutism
-acne
-ammenorrhea
-clit enlargement
-deep voice

Question 28

Adverse effects of androgens in men

Answer 28

-acne
-sleep apnea
-gynecomastia
-azoospermia and ball atrophy
-increase aggressiveness
-psychotic symptoms

Question 29

anti-androgens

Answer 29

-5a-reductase inhibitors
-androgen receptor antagonists

Question 30

5a-reductase inhibitor drugs

Answer 30

-finasteride
-dutasteride

Question 31

finasteride use

Answer 31

-benign prostatic hyperplasia
-male pattern baldness
-hirsutism in women

Question 32

dutasteride use

Answer 32

-benign prostatic hyperplasia
-male pattern baldness in men

Question 33

Steroidal androgen receptor antagonist drugs

Answer 33

-cyproterone acetate
-spironolactone

Question 34

cyproterone acetate use

Answer 34

-hirsutism in women
-excessive sex drive in men

Question 35

spironolactone use

Answer 35

-hirsutism in women
-acne

Question 36

Non-steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor drugs

Answer 36

-flutamide
-enzalutamide

Question 37

flutamide use

Answer 37

-prostate cancer

Question 38

enzalutamide use

Answer 38

-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer