72: OTC cough/cold Flashcards
Productive cough
-wet, chesty
-expelling secretions
-ability of lung to fight infection
Non-productive cough
-dry, hacking
-no secretions
-RTI, bacteria, meds, GERD
Cold
-rhinovirus
-direct contact or air transmission
Factors that inc susceptibility to the cold
-poor nutrition
-smoking
-high pop density
-sedentary
-fatigue
-physical/emotional stress
Cold v flu
-more gradual
-less fatigue, chest discomfort
-more congestion
-more sore throat
-no aches/chills
When to refer a cold
-fever over 101.5
-new chest pain
-SOB
-worsening symptoms
-immunocompromised (aids)
-under 3 months old
-allergy to OTC meds
Cold symptoms
-rhinorrhea
-congestion
-cough
-headache
-sore throat
Pharma tx of rhinorrhea
-1st gen antihistamines
-2nd gen histamines
-intranasal corticosteroids
First-gen antihistamines for rhinorrhea
-Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
-Unisom (doxylamine)
-also relievees sneeze!
Cons of first gen antihistamines
-sedating
-short acting
-anticholinergic (avoid in older pt)
Second gen antihistamines for rhinnorrhea
-Zyrtec (cetirizine)
-Allegra (fexofenadine)
-Xyzal (levocetirizine
-Clairtin (loratidine)
-daily
-non-sedating
Intranasal corticosteroids for rhinorrhea
-Rhinocort (budesonide)
-Nasacort (traimcinolone)
-Flonase (fluticasone)
-good for allergies
-nasal spray
Non pharma tx of rhinorrhea
-environmental
-saline washes
-nasal strips
Congestion pharma tx
-oral decongestants
-nasal decongestants
-intranasal saline
Oral decongestants
-sudafed (psuedoephedrine)
-avoid in uncontrolled HTN
-may cause insomnia
Nasal Decongestants
-Afrin (oxymetazoline)
-max 3 days
-temp relief
Intranasal saline for congestion
-useful for preg and kids
-temp relief
Congestion non-pharma tx
-neti pot
-nasal aspirator
-bulb syringe
Cough pharma tx
-expectorants for productive
-suppressants for non-productive
Expectorants for productive cough tx
-Mucinex (guaifenesin
-low side effects
-not that effective
Suppressants for non productive cough tx
-Delsym (dextromethorphan) abuse potential
-Vick’s vaporub (camphor/menthol) not for kids under 2
Cough non pharma tx
-honey
-lozenges
-humdifiers/vaporizers
Headache and Sore throat tx
-Tylenol
-NSAIDs
Tylenol for HA/sore throat
-less side effects
-avoid w alcohol
NSAIDs for headache/sore throat tx
-Motrin (ibuprofen)
-aleve (naproxen)
-Bayer (asprin)
-sometimes more effective
-inc risk for bleeding, PUD, AKI, CV risk
Headache/sore throat nonpharma tx
-honey
-lozenges
-adequate rest and exercise
PM otc
-diphenhydramine
-doxylamine
cold/flu meds
-combo decongestant, antihistamine, cough suppressant, acetaminophen
Other considerations for cough, cold, flu
-Tamiflu
-pain control
-zinc
-echinacea
-vitamin C
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir)
-flu tx
-flu prophylaxis in pt at high risk of ocmplications
tamiflu considerations
-efficacy for tx not established in pt beginning therapy after 48 hours of symptom onset
-can be used in infants < 8 months
