Exam 1 Anticholinergic Drugs Flashcards
Antimuscarinic classes
-tertiary amines
-quarternary amines
Anticholinergic mech
-block M receptor
-little effect on N receptors
Tertiary amine antimuscarinics
-Atropine
-Scopolamine
-Homatropine
-Tropicamide
-Benztropine
-Trihexyphenidyl
Quarternary amine antimuscarinics
-Ipratropium
-Titropium
Atropine and Scopolamine
-belladonna alkaloids
-M NONselective
Atropine and Scopolamine use
-treat GI/urinary conditions
-treat motion sickness
-dilate eyes
Atropine structure
-ring
-COO
-ring with Nitrogen bridge
Scopolamine structure
-atropine but O bridge near N
-more lipophilic than ATROPINE
-3’ amine
Scopolamine use
-motion sickness
Scopolamine side effects
-dry mouth
-blurred vision
-sedation
-psychosis
-high CNS access
Homatropine and Tropicamide mech
-short-acting
-Tropicamide is shorter acting
-Homatropine less toxic
Homatropine and Tropicamide use
-Mydriasis in optical settings
-Cycloplegia
Benztropine and Trihexyphenidyl use
-treat parkinsons
-adjunct therapy with L-dopa
-similar potency to atropine
Benztropine structure
-3’ amine
-N bridge with methyl group on N
Ipratropium mech
-M3 ANTAGONIST
-blocks constriction
-opens airways
Ipratropium use
-treat COPD, asthma
-enhances B-agonists in COPD
Ipratropium side effects
-poor absorption
-toxic dose: hypotension and muscle weakness (ganglionic and neuromuscular blocks)
Tiotropium uses
-treat GI disorders (spasms/ulcers)
-glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate use
-pre-op to REDUCE secretions
Glycopyrrolate problems
-charge N makes crossing gut hard
Tolterodine mech
-no selectivity
-a lil selective for M3
Tolterodine use
-overactive bladder
-may lower constipation and confusion
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
-Tubocurarine
-Succinylcholine
-Botulinum toxin (indirect)
Tubocuraine mech
-N competitive ANTAgonist
Tubocurarine use
-skeletal relaxation during anesthesia
Succinylcholine mech
-Depolarizing blockade
-initially N agonist to initiate depolarization
-persistant depolarization
-rapid onset
-choline increases BP
-paralysis
Succinylcholine structure
2 ACh
succinylcholine use
-skeletal muscle relaxant during anesthesia
-electroconvulsant therapy
Succinylcholine problems
-muscle soreness
-avoid in hyperkalemia (heart failure)
-malignant hypothermia
-prolonged paralysis in ppl with shitty plasma cholinesterase
Botulinum Toxin mech
-indirect
-inhibits ACh release
Botulinum toxin use
-dystonia (spasms)
-cerebral palsy
-hyperhidrosis
Botulinum toxin problems
-spread from injection site
Ganglionic blocking drugs
-HexamethoniumH
Hexamethonium mech
-N ANTAGONIST in ANS ganglia
=blocks ALL PSNS and SNS activity
Hexamethonium effects
-hypotension (SNS)
-decrease sweat (SNS)
-dry mouth
-mydriasis
-constipation
-urinary retention
