ww1 russia Flashcards
long term reasons for russia involvement WW1
1892 Franco Russian military convention - leads to triple entente
1902 Anglo Japanese alliance
Britain + Japan concerned Russia expansion
when was Entente Cordiale and what was it
1904 - anglo French - stop russo-japanese war + Britain worried russia gain power
Crimea war dates
1853-1856
russo Turkish war dates
1877-1878
why did russia go to ww1
to preserve status as great power
alliances - why did Russia go to war
alliances with Serbia - Sarajevo assassination 1914 Germany support Austria + Russia support Serbia
alliances - why did Russia go to war
alliances with Serbia - Sarajevo assassination 1914 Germany support Austria + Russia support Serbia
why was Russia supporting Serbia
support slav people
what was formed in June 1915
ZemGor - zemstva + duma in response to Tsar placing baltic states under military rule
what did zemgor become focus of
liberal political discontent as Tsar refused to offer them a role in war effort
when did Nicholas assume personal control over armed forces
September 1915 - fatal blunder for tsar - leave German wife in power in Petrograd
what was formed by reformists groups in august 1915
cadets octobrists etc form bloc demanding gov confidence in public - duma suspended until jan 1916 in response
evidence of growing opposition to Tsar upon new opening duma
Miliukov delivers charge of ‘official incompetence’ - duma 1916 ‘ lost faith in gov to be victorious’
why did most opposition come from liberals by 1916
radicals in exile
early set back in war
Battle Tannenburg 1914 300,000 dead
evidence of German superiority over Russian
10 miles German track for 1 mile Russian
how big was Russian army
15 million BUT COULDN’T EQUIP
downside to large numbers in Russian army
2 rifles per 3 soldiers - lack clothes
how many Russian desertions 1916
1,5 million as German railway pushes men forward to halt Russian advance
weakness in Russian army where germany had strength
German strategy on quality of NCO (common soldiers from working class who promoted) - Russia’s lack of industrialisation = lower quality
price of food + fuel 1914 - 1916
quadrupled
wages 1914-1916
doubled ( but prices quadruple)
how many Russians by 1917
1.6 million -
what did Turkey’s nov 1914 entry cause for russia
severed main trade artery Black Sea - lost 90% pre war import exports
what was lost in 1915 great retreat
industrial centres e.g. Warsaw
success of Russian industry by 1917
100% heavy artillery = Russian manufacture
when did russia come off gold standard
1914
why are economic difficulties not a reason for termoil
all countries gain debt in war - way it interacted w./ Russia’s political + social systems
by 1917 how much of pre war imports had russia lost
90%
when was alcohol banned in russia
august 1914 - 30% tax revenue
what is russia alcohol ban evidence of
Nicholas defies fiscal logic - believed war would be short
by 1916 how much had war cost
4.7 times peacetime yr expenditure
what was inflation at 1917
400%
