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russia > Alexander II 1855-1881 reform and reaction > Flashcards

Alexander II 1855-1881 reform and reaction Flashcards

1
Q

what was a central goal of Russian foreign policy - what was the issue?

A

obtain warm water port at Bosporus straits and strait of Dardanelles Black Sea REGION
-IN OTTOMAN HANDS

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2
Q

dates of crimean war

A

1853 - 1856

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3
Q

how had ottoman damaged Russian prestige ?

A

sultan gave holy Palestine places to French catholics (not Russian orthodox)

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4
Q

who was against Russia?

A

Britain France Turkey Sardinia

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5
Q

total Russian troops

A

700,000

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6
Q

total opposition troops

A

980,0000

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7
Q

what did Russia claim to be

A

defender balkan people

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8
Q

who made up balkan people

A

slavs and christian orthodox

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9
Q

Ottoman Empire was

A

‘sickman of europe’

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10
Q

when was battle Sinope

A

nov 1853 - Russian victory

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11
Q

1855 - social how what % population illiterate

A

55%

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12
Q

1855 - social how what % population illiterate

A

55%

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13
Q

how to describe Russia 1855

A

geographically large economically underdeveloped

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14
Q

ratio village to town 1855

A

11:1

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15
Q

when did Alexander ascend

A

March 1855 - Crimea ending

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16
Q

defeat in crimean war

A

battle balaclava
battle inkerman

17
Q

predecessor Alexander II

A

Nicholas I

18
Q

how much spent per annum in Crimea

A

45% per GDP on military but remains backwards

19
Q

how many ottomans killed in battle Sinope

A

3000

20
Q

when does Nicholas die

A

march 1855 (I leave to you my kingdom not in the state I would have wished)

21
Q

when was peace treaty signed

A

Treaty Paris March 1856 (follow armistice in Feb)

22
Q

main terms treaty Paris

A

-neutral black sea
-ottoman independence
-Moldovia + Wallachia under ottoman rule (Russia demanded ottoman accept Russia protection of Eastern Orthodox there)

23
Q

problem with Crimea death toll

A

no genuine estimate

24
Q

highest estimate Russia death

A

500,000 (but stats vary)

25
Q

crimean war firsts in industry

A

-railroad for transportation
-steam powered ships + ironclads
-shell firing canons

26
Q

main casualty of crimean war (political)

A

-Concert of Europe( main powers working together) shattered - fragile unity destroyed

27
Q

what did crimean war expose in Russia

A

backward agrarian society compared to industrialised west

28
Q

what did the crimean war do for Russia and Austria

A

lost alliance - now enemies

29
Q

how much Russian population serfs

A

82%

30
Q

issue in nobility

A

inherited wealth therefore no circulation - no consumer society <1% of society

31
Q

what was black earth region

A

highest populated region

32
Q

how much of Russia orthodox

A

70% society = priests in villages have control on peasants

33
Q

social issues in Russia - lack of intellectual

A

3500 ppl in 6 unis

russia (29 decks)

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