TA Flashcards
What year did Alexander III become Tsar?
1881
How did Alexander III describe the proposals in the Loris-Melikov constitution?
Senseless dreams
What is the name for the secret police in Alexander III’s reign?
Okhrana
In what year were Land Captains introduced?
1889
How were Land Captains chosen?
From a list chosen by the provincial nobility and approved by the provincial governor
What did the 1890 zemstvo act do?
Brought the zemstva under direct central control
Which finance minister created Land Banks?
Bunge
Who replaced Bunge as finance minister?
Vyshnegradsky
How much did grain exports increase between 1881 and 1891?
18%
Give one example of a loan that Vyshnegradsky secured to help industry
France, 1888
When was the famine, caused by Vyshnegradsky’s policy of exporting more grain?
1891-2
When did Witte become finance minister?
1892
Give four examples of economic policies of Witte
Protective tariffs, heavy taxation, forced exports, domestic loans
Which ethnic group were targeted by the ‘May Laws’ in 1882?
Jews
What was the name for systematic attacks on Jews?
Pogroms
Give three other examples of how Jews were discriminated against by Alexander III.
Ghettos; limited access to education; excluded from participation in local government
What was the name of Alexander III’s tutor?
Pobedonoststev
What is the name for the policy of imposing Russian language, culture and values?
Russification
Give three examples of places that Alexander III subjected to Russification
Poland, Ukraine, Baltic Provinces
When did Alexander III die?
1 November 1894
what ideology did the tsar’s believe in
autocratic divine right of kings
Which war prompted Alexander II to free the serfs?
crimean war
What was the date of the Emancipation Act?
march 3rd 1861
How long did the serfs have to pay redemption payments for?
49 years
What was the name of the village commune that took over some control from the landowners after the Emancipation act?
mir
Which of the following was not part of Alexander II’s legal reforms: equality before the law, public hearings, abandonment of martial law, trial by jury.
martial law abandonment CHECK W/ TEACHER
Which case in 1878 led Alexander II to stop open courts?
vera zasculich
What kind of courts were peasant courts?
volost courts
To the nearest thousand, how many miles of railway did Russia have by 1881?
56,000
How much was conscription in the army reduced?
6 years service w/ 9 years reserve
What year was a state bank set up?
1860
What year was the Municipal Bank set up?
1862
How far did the number of schools increase?
8,000 to 23,000 by 1880
When were zemstva introduced?
1864
When were dumas introduced?
1905 august
Why did the Tsar intensify the backlash against reform after 1866?
austro Prussian war lost
Who was appointed head of the Third Section in 1866?
Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov
Who was appointed Minister of Education in 1866?
tolstoy
