Khrushchev. rise Flashcards

1
Q

what was destalinisation

A

removal of Stalin from pedestal in Russian ideology – attack personally for 1930s – includes treatment national minorities

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2
Q

who were the 5 men in charge after stalin death

A

malnekov Beria Molotov Voroshilov + Khrushchev

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3
Q

what wreathe 5 to rule on

A

collective leadership

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4
Q

malenkov role in presidium

A

prime minister

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5
Q

Beria role in presidium

A

minister interior head secret police

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6
Q

molotov role in presidium

A

foreign minister

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7
Q

Voroshilov role in presidium

A

head of state (ceremonial)

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8
Q

Khrushchev role in presidium

A

party secretary

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9
Q

what was Beria’s early action

A

release 1 million prisoners + dismantle gulag

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10
Q

Beria’s early action w/ east germany

A

reforms - accept neutral non communist BUT 1953 East German rising blamed on Beria

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11
Q

why was it difficult to remove beria

A

head secret police - bugged the Kremlin

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12
Q

how did Khrushchev remove Beria

A

army - presidium meeting 26 June General Zhukov arrest - accused being British agent - executed

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13
Q

how was Beria denounced

A

central committee endorse arrest - denounced in Pravda as enemy agent

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14
Q

what was malenkov blamed for in 1953

A

harvest

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15
Q

what did Khrushchev launch 1954

A

virgin lands scheme - gains rapid momentum - promise end grains shortage

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16
Q

what was malenkov known as

A

‘man without a biography’ - intelligent but no charisma / personal image

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17
Q

example of Khrushchev adjusting policy to gain support against malenkov

A

adopts social service chiefs rejection of malenkovs view that the USSR having H bomb meant they could invest in consumer goods - SWITCHES policy upon defeating malenkov

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18
Q

similarities to stalin

A

-change policies to outmanoeuvre colleagues
-exploit position as secretariat party to win votes at central committee

19
Q

why were Molotov + Voroshilov against destalinisation

A

members of politburo since 1930s ( Khrushchev from 1938)

20
Q

motive for destalinisation - remove competition

A

rivals members politburo since 1930 - if criticise stalin actions they become symbols of return of terror

21
Q

motives for destalinisation - party

A

-liberate party from fear + repression = more efficient mechanism - go further in permanent revolution

22
Q

examples of what Khrushchev said in 20th party speech

A

-spoke on Lenin’s criticism Stalin
-NKVD - in terror + purges
-criticise Stalin’s war performance

23
Q

what did Khrushchev stress about Stalin’s actions

A

abberation form Marxism-Lenninism

24
Q

what did Geoffrey Hosking say of secret speech

A

‘torn veil away from inner sanctum to reveal blood stained toture chamber’

25
Q

evidence of acceleration of freeing political prisoners following secret speech

A

-7,000 rehabilitated before, 617,000 in 10 months after

26
Q

how was secret speech dispersed among ppl

A

sent to local party organisations - 25 million ppl

27
Q

motives for destalinisation

A

Khrushchev dissociates from stalins mistakes so cannot take blame
-co-existence w/ west
-justifying economic reforms – consumer goods dismissed under Stalin
-quality of life reform
-strengthen communism – party for ppl

28
Q

ppl reaction to secret speech

A

students tear up pictures of stalin

29
Q

what was the Warsaw Pact

A

1955 military alliance of Communist states ( in response to west germany nato)

30
Q

Poland’s reaction to destalinisation

A

new gov formed under gomulka - own form socialism

31
Q

Hungary response to destalinisation

A

1956 uprising - new leader Nagy denounces Warsaw Pact - 20,000 casualties

32
Q

china reaction destalinisation

A

mao Zedong critica of khrushchev ( and betrayed he had no warning)

33
Q

long term consequence of secret speech

A

‘beginning of end of party’ - party admitted fault lose respect

34
Q

by 1957 what was Khrushchev outvoted by

A

7 to 4

35
Q

how did Khrushchev regain control

A

support of Zhukov, head of army + KGB + support of central committee (secretary)

36
Q

who opposed Khrushchev

A

Molotov / Kaganovich / Voroshilov - use minority east states uprisings against him

37
Q

what did Khrushchev frame opposition group as

A

factionalists - named anti party group

38
Q

Khrushchev’s use of Bulganin to not weaken party

A

1957 sided w/ Khrushchev’s opponents - was khruschev’s prime minister - not removed until 1958 to not draw attention to party

39
Q

what did Khrushchev adopt in replace

A

Leninist principles

40
Q

how did Zhukov turn

A

(reputation era Taylor) 1957 introduce military reforms w.o consulting party

41
Q

when was 22nd party congress

A

-1961

42
Q

what happened at 22nd party congress

A

-stalin mummified body removed from Lenin –mausoleum - Stalingrad became volgograd
-monuments destroyed

43
Q

when were Malenkov Molotov + kaganovich removed from power

A

1957