Khrushchev. rise

Question 1

what was destalinisation

Answer 1

removal of Stalin from pedestal in Russian ideology – attack personally for 1930s – includes treatment national minorities

Question 2

who were the 5 men in charge after stalin death

Answer 2

malnekov Beria Molotov Voroshilov + Khrushchev

Question 3

what wreathe 5 to rule on

Answer 3

collective leadership

Question 4

malenkov role in presidium

Answer 4

prime minister

Question 5

Beria role in presidium

Answer 5

minister interior head secret police

Question 6

molotov role in presidium

Answer 6

foreign minister

Question 7

Voroshilov role in presidium

Answer 7

head of state (ceremonial)

Question 8

Khrushchev role in presidium

Answer 8

party secretary

Question 9

what was Beria’s early action

Answer 9

release 1 million prisoners + dismantle gulag

Question 10

Beria’s early action w/ east germany

Answer 10

reforms - accept neutral non communist BUT 1953 East German rising blamed on Beria

Question 11

why was it difficult to remove beria

Answer 11

head secret police - bugged the Kremlin

Question 12

how did Khrushchev remove Beria

Answer 12

army - presidium meeting 26 June General Zhukov arrest - accused being British agent - executed

Question 13

how was Beria denounced

Answer 13

central committee endorse arrest - denounced in Pravda as enemy agent

Question 14

what was malenkov blamed for in 1953

Answer 14

harvest

Question 15

what did Khrushchev launch 1954

Answer 15

virgin lands scheme - gains rapid momentum - promise end grains shortage

Question 16

what was malenkov known as

Answer 16

‘man without a biography’ - intelligent but no charisma / personal image

Question 17

example of Khrushchev adjusting policy to gain support against malenkov

Answer 17

adopts social service chiefs rejection of malenkovs view that the USSR having H bomb meant they could invest in consumer goods - SWITCHES policy upon defeating malenkov

Question 18

similarities to stalin

Answer 18

-change policies to outmanoeuvre colleagues
-exploit position as secretariat party to win votes at central committee

Question 19

why were Molotov + Voroshilov against destalinisation

Answer 19

members of politburo since 1930s ( Khrushchev from 1938)

Question 20

motive for destalinisation - remove competition

Answer 20

rivals members politburo since 1930 - if criticise stalin actions they become symbols of return of terror

Question 21

motives for destalinisation - party

Answer 21

-liberate party from fear + repression = more efficient mechanism - go further in permanent revolution

Question 22

examples of what Khrushchev said in 20th party speech

Answer 22

-spoke on Lenin’s criticism Stalin
-NKVD - in terror + purges
-criticise Stalin’s war performance

Question 23

what did Khrushchev stress about Stalin’s actions

Answer 23

abberation form Marxism-Lenninism

Question 24

what did Geoffrey Hosking say of secret speech

Answer 24

‘torn veil away from inner sanctum to reveal blood stained toture chamber’

Question 25

evidence of acceleration of freeing political prisoners following secret speech

Answer 25

-7,000 rehabilitated before, 617,000 in 10 months after

Question 26

how was secret speech dispersed among ppl

Answer 26

sent to local party organisations - 25 million ppl

Question 27

motives for destalinisation

Answer 27

Khrushchev dissociates from stalins mistakes so cannot take blame -co-existence w/ west -justifying economic reforms – consumer goods dismissed under Stalin -quality of life reform -strengthen communism – party for ppl

Question 28

ppl reaction to secret speech

Answer 28

students tear up pictures of stalin

Question 29

what was the Warsaw Pact

Answer 29

1955 military alliance of Communist states ( in response to west germany nato)

Question 30

Poland's reaction to destalinisation

Answer 30

new gov formed under gomulka - own form socialism

Question 31

Hungary response to destalinisation

Answer 31

1956 uprising - new leader Nagy denounces Warsaw Pact - 20,000 casualties

Question 32

china reaction destalinisation

Answer 32

mao Zedong critica of khrushchev ( and betrayed he had no warning)

Question 33

long term consequence of secret speech

Answer 33

'beginning of end of party' - party admitted fault lose respect

Question 34

by 1957 what was Khrushchev outvoted by

Answer 34

7 to 4

Question 35

how did Khrushchev regain control

Answer 35

support of Zhukov, head of army + KGB + support of central committee (secretary)

Question 36

who opposed Khrushchev

Answer 36

Molotov / Kaganovich / Voroshilov - use minority east states uprisings against him

Question 37

what did Khrushchev frame opposition group as

Answer 37

factionalists - named anti party group

Question 38

Khrushchev's use of Bulganin to not weaken party

Answer 38

1957 sided w/ Khrushchev's opponents - was khruschev's prime minister - not removed until 1958 to not draw attention to party

Question 39

what did Khrushchev adopt in replace

Answer 39

Leninist principles

Question 40

how did Zhukov turn

Answer 40

(reputation era Taylor) 1957 introduce military reforms w.o consulting party

Question 41

when was 22nd party congress

Answer 41

-1961

Question 42

what happened at 22nd party congress

Answer 42

-stalin mummified body removed from Lenin --mausoleum - Stalingrad became volgograd -monuments destroyed

Question 43

when were Malenkov Molotov + kaganovich removed from power

Answer 43

1957