1904-1906 Russia in Revolution

Question 1

how was Russia’s landscape changing

Answer 1

peasants moving to cities = nobility do not have tight hold on countryside e

Question 2

how does revolution occur

Answer 2

-industrialisation = expectations rise then recession strips Russia of gains e.g. Donbas 25/35 furnaces working

Question 3

who was head of okrhana

Answer 3

zubatovw

Question 4

what did zubatov set up

Answer 4

1901 3 unions in Moscow for workers to demand concessions from employers

Question 5

but what can zubatov unions be said to

Answer 5

cover for radicals - defied cause

Question 6

why did Russia go to war w/ Japan in 1904

Answer 6

-ice free port of Manchuria
-understimate Japan therefore reject settlement in favour of war

Question 7

when did port Arthur fall to Japanese

Answer 7

jan 1906

Question 8

major loss / humiliation for russia in Japanese war

Answer 8

loss of baltic fleet - may 1905 - incompetent + weak

Question 9

how did Japanese war cause revolution

Answer 9

Ascher ‘ catastrophic defeats justified opposition claims that autocratic gov was ‘irresponsible, incompetent + reckless’ - catalyst for meltdown

Question 10

when was Bloody Sunday

Answer 10

jan 1905 - fire on peaceful demonstrators

Question 11

who was Gapon

Answer 11

priest w/ allegiance to tsar who led assembly Russian factory workers

Question 12

what was Bloody Sunday

Answer 12

Gapon marches to winter palace w/ 100,000 ppl demanding better working conditions (peaceful)

Question 13

how many died in Bloody Sunday

Answer 13

130

Question 14

what should Bloody Sunday be considered

Answer 14

sparked 1905 uprisings but also broke the patriarchal bond between tsar + ppl ( received bullets when they asked for help)

Question 15

how many went on strike in cities in reaction to Bloody Sunday

Answer 15

400,000

Question 16

when did Battleship Potemkin mutiny

Answer 16

June 1905

Question 17

what should Potemkin mutiny be considered

Answer 17

embarrassment for tsar - 2000 shot by gov + chaos

Question 18

when was the st Petersburg soviet formed

Answer 18

October 1905

Question 19

what should the soviets be considered

Answer 19

strong indicator of power urban workers - organised societies prompted by Mensheviks

Question 20

what did October manifesto do for witte

Answer 20

isolate radicals by accommodating the liberals

Question 21

example of October manifesto points

Answer 21

-freedom speech
-elected duma - can block but not enact laws

Question 22

when did general strike occur

Answer 22

October 1905 - puts gov under pressure - October manifesto ends strike

Question 23

what did national minorities begin to demand in October rev

Answer 23

-end Russification e.g. poles want independence + jews want rights

Question 24

stats on minorities in October rev

Answer 24

constant force of 300,000 in Poland

Question 25

stats on mutinies in army

Answer 25

200 mutinies in rev - as many army peasants

Question 26

role of revolutionary parties e.g. SR. + SD in rev

Answer 26

-not ready for revolution therefore peasants + urban worker often apathetic to their chaotic structure + turn to local leader

Question 27

how many gov officials killed in 1905

Answer 27

3600 killed or wounded

Question 28

what did soviets do in period after manifesto

Answer 28

St Petersburg soviet too ‘confident’ in freedom - organised militia of 6,000 men + strikes

Question 29

how did the gov respond in weeks following manifesto

Answer 29

reactionary minister interior Durnovo arrests leader St Petersburg Soviet

Question 30

reaction of middle class

Answer 30

liberals felt demands had been met + middle class just want order restored by tsar

Question 31

however countryside reaction to manifesto

Answer 31

wave of violence lasted longer - Tambov region 130 estates burnt down

Question 32

why were peasants infuriated by manifesto

Answer 32

had not received a deal on land + already bad harvest

Question 33

gov response to countryside revolt

Answer 33

1/2 redemption payments in 1906 + end in 1907+ landbank to buy land

Question 34

gov response in countryside

Answer 34

oct 1905-april 1906 15,000 executed in ‘Stolypin’s necktie’

Question 35

comparison point how many killed 1825 to 1905

Answer 35

192 politcal execution - years preceding 1905
3,700 executed 1906-1910

Question 36

Tsar image after revolution

Answer 36

‘Nicholas the Bloody’ - public display fo delight after expedition in baltic states kills 1200

Question 37

Ultimately how did Tsar recover from revolution

Answer 37

Loyal army and an October manifesto which divided liberals and socialists along with a loyal middle class diminished urban unrest. 1906 French loan funded countryside expeditions to restore order. Presence of terror + need for order felt.

Question 38

how could perception of tsar by ppl be defined

Answer 38

Fear and respect replaced by fear alone

Question 39

impact of rev after 1905

Answer 39

Urban workers went back to reality of inhumane conditions + thus felt let down by liberals + more inclined to radicalism

Question 40

argument on cause of 1905

Answer 40

-stemmed from economic growth in which people in all demographics began to demand more whether that be business’s wanting freedom of action or workers demanding better conditions. Revolutionary groups + activists seen as outsiders divorced from social concerns

Question 41

was 1905 the ‘dress rehearsal’ as Lenin claimed for 1917

Answer 41

NO- widespread demand for better conditions often not liberal. It was ppl attempting real change at present not for further events - ‘genuine but incomplete revolution’ - radicals often outsiders therefore revolution opened up paths for 1917 but it was not the intention