national minorities fc Flashcards
what were the national minorities
did not originate from russian peoples
-make up 55% of Ukraine 1897
what did the reforms of Alex II give to poles
renewed hope for freedoms + reform in education
example of pole who wanted partial independence
wielopolski - prime minister 1862
consequence of attempted assassination on wielopolski
-forced conscription young male poles - divert manpower from opposition but conscripts do not cooperate
when was the polish revolt
1863 - 1864 - led by Dabrowski
who did 1860s polish rebels have support of
russian officers e.g. Dabrowski trained in russian army
consequence of polish revolt
no support peasant - Milyutin in charge of Poland
Milyutin plan consequence for Poland
-russia official language
-increased control - limited autonomy + nationalism
what formed in 1890
polish proletariat w/ 1892 polish socialist party
WW1 - consequence for Poland
free from Russian rule under 1918 Brest litvosk
when was russo polish war
1920 - lenin invades Poland as wants to ‘free proletariat’
but consequence of russo polish war
1920 armistice - Poland retain independence (proletariat reject lenin)
where did Polish gov go on German invasion
London
what did Germany uncover 1943
-4,200 dead polish officers uncovered - NKVD accused + London poles launch investigation - russia cease relations
what did Yalta Potsdam agreements allow
implement soviet gov across Poland
1948 Poland gov
PPR forms one party state (stalinist influence party)
repression in Poland PPR
1950 30,000 workers strike - rounded up + sent to concentration camps
1952 Poland
officially peoples republic Poland
what is considered start of Russification
1863 Milyutin plan Poland
difference between communist and tsars in minorities
-tsars control via appeasement
-stalin control via repression after promising reform
example of stalin control via repression
-1941 German invasion stalin accuse minority Govs of cooperation - deported to asia
only group who’s treatment remains constant
jews
example of liberal stance of Alex II on Finland
1863 allow separate Finnish parliament
Nicholas II Finland
fully Russified/integrated Finland under Bobrikov
when did Finland gain full independence
brest litovksn
1905 stolypin + Finland
gives autonomy then renege in same year
what was 1922 pork mutiny
red guards invade Finland + convince Finnish workers to join soviet battalion
stalin disagreement w/ Finland winter war
finaldn refuses military bases 1939-1940 winter war - Finland cedes boarder space
success in national minorities
baltic provinces - abundant in raw materials - BUT WW2 mass deportations due to fear of nazi collaboration
nationalities loyal to tsar
finns / baltic germans / christian armeniens
nationalities not loyal to tsar
ukraine / poles/ tatars
what did Ukrainians seek to do
build separate cultural identity
control exerted on Ukrainian culture
1863 decrees forbid circulation of books by ukranian
what granted Ukraine independence
1918 treaty brest litvosk - short lived as lost again in civil war
where were the jews settled
Pale of Settlement -
when was the doctors plot
jan 1953
what was the doctors plot
stalin regime announce 7 jewish doctors involved in US jewish group murder high ranking soviets
stalin Poland - repression /treatment
1950 30,000 workers strike – concentrations camps
ww2 stalin - reform/freedom example germany
germany split between 2 zones
russification - Poland - Khrushchev
1956 puppet gov gomulka
stalin - russification Poland
1945 yalta + potsdam - implement soviet gov across Poland 1948 PPR 1 party state
stalin - asia - enforcing ideaology
1949 mão Zedong w/ CCP defeat KMT
Mongolia enforcing ideaology/influence stalin
1945 soviet occupy mongolia
-1946 ppl’ republic BUT soviet influence
stalin asia - freedoms
1949 sinkiang return to china
Alex II - asian expansion influence
Russian town Vladivostok established for Russian pacific fleet in far east
Nicholas II reform for asia
1906 duma all Russian Muslim league representation
-1907 electoral laws remove
Khrushchev repression/freedom asia
Khrushchev – 1957 ‘rehabilitation of deported peoples’ excluded Volga Germans
what was manifesto in Finland that imposed russification under Nicholas II
1900 Finland Language Manifesto ( Russian official lang) – only 8,000 russians out of 2.7 million population
example of Lenin’s relaxation of cultural influence
1923 policy indigenisation – promote native lang + culture – place natives in main position ( Europe)
stalin russification in culture Europe
1938 Russian taught in skl
political change under Alex II Finland
amplify power in finish diet 1860
Alex III repression example jews
jews confined to pale settlement – 200 programs 1881 to 1884
stalin repression example Ukraine
7 million Ukraine die in Holodomor (man made soviet famine)
Khrushchev relaxation on repression
relaxation as 5.5 million to 11,000 in gulags
but Khrushchev repression example
-1956 Hungarian uprising – death 3,000 Hungarians
when was the stalin constitution
1936
what did stalin constitution allow
Kirghizia + Tajikistan to republic status
when did stalin deport who and why
volga + tartar to Central Asia for 1941 conspiracy w/ Germany
