stolypin reforms / russia in 1914 Flashcards
example popular social reform of Stolypin
zemstva expenditure on health agriculture etc doubled 1906-1912
success in education reforms stats
n.primary skills double
what did Stolypin believe / seek to do in reforms
peasants natural conservatives - introduce reforms that would harness there conservatism
positives in political autocracy 1914
1905 revolution = never intended to remove tsar
however negatives in political autocracy 1914
1905 response by Tsar breaks bond between him and people
how many of stolypin’s reforms passed
2200/2500 e.g. naval budgets
failure in political reform
1911 couldn’t introduce zemstvo in west province as stolypin hangs political opponents
how many did Stolypin’s necktie involve
60,000 political opponents
positives in position of opposition groups 1914
lenin in exile believes ‘ no revolution’ in his lifetime
-SR + Mensheviks weakened - divided by manifesto etc
evidence for growth in political strikes
464 in 1908 to 2401 in 1914 ( felt unsupported by duma)
political opposition threats by 1914
June 1905 Potemkin mutiny = embarrassment to Tsar
positives in economic - agriculture by 1914
-grain production increase 2.1% - ahead of 1.5% annual increase population
however negative of stolypin agrarian reform
-only 10% land escape mir
negative stolypin agrarian reform - archer
‘if given time to take root agrarian reforms may have contributed to more moderate revoltuion than 1917’
positives in industry under stolypin reforms
increase 6% per annum
positives in industry
1914 russia 4th largest producer coal pig iron etc
negatives in peasant
wage < 1/3 west Europes
peasants under stolypin
despite minor relaxation of Russian Orthodox state control - <1% villages have etelphpne _ July 1914 general strike
what should 1914 Russia be deemed
-archaic + fragile
-disconnect tsar + people = Tsar’s ignorance in rejection of democracy
Nicholas role in Russia position 1914
reassertion of autocratic power in 1905 Fundamental laws = manifesto was superficial action - loses support of liberals
Stolypin’s use of A87 in duma as factor in Demise russia
gov became disjointed - although reforms passed it fell at Stolypin’s assassination 1912 - e.g. lena goldfields 1912
argument on actions taken by gov to suppress groups
may appear successful in short term but discontent fostered undermined democracy in long term
aș a result of unstable political base Russia’s economy ..
failed to take root despite promising reforms w/ relative success
however what did the 6% industrial growth rate stem from
previously low industrial output - 67% industrial workers produce 33% output - productivity low
however stats on coal in russia
per capita output half Austro Hungarian empire
decline in consumer goods stats
52% - 45% - economy unable to keep up w/ growing population
evidence failure gov without stolypin
145,000 peasant houses freed 1911 - 97,000 by 1914
how many peasants migrate to Siberia - what does it show
-industrial area therefore agricultural reforms had not felt prosperity - 1912 Siberia strike = 170 killed
how did agricultural reforms serve to work against the gov post 1914
kulaks gain from 9% increase agricultural machinery - war broke out + reforms stopped expectations raised + could not be met
another exam of how peasant reforms worked against gov
1914 64% literary - access to revolutionary materials
