Khrushchev policy + fall Flashcards
what did Khrushchev do in 1953
acknowledge limitations of soviet agriculture - productivity low =high taxes discourage production
short term success of virgin lands scheme
1/2 of 125 million tonnes from virgin lands
how was the virgin lands a long term failure
1963 harvest 1/3 drop expected grain output (land exploited for just 1 crop = lose fertility)
what was abolished in 1958
MTS stations – kolkhoz (collective farms) have to buy own machinery
what were the kolkhoz
collective farms
virgin lands - by 1956 how many hectares cultivated
35.9 million hectares
how was industry success a facade
Khrushchev boasts to the outside world
evidence industry success
1957 sputnik released into space
industrial failure: growth rates 1963
1963+1964 growth rates lowest since planning began
industry success:space
1961 first man space Yuri
what was command economy
centralised planning economy - state control
what was Gosplan
economic planning council - set 5YP targets
what was Veshenka
supreme council of economy
when were 7 yr plan introduced
1959-1965 expand chemical industry
what were 5 yr plans aimed at
industrialisation
when was the New Party Programme
1961 delivered at 22nd party congress - build better standard of living for ppl
what has new party programme been described as
combination delusion + utopianism
examples of parts of new party programme - example delusion
1980 income per capita increased by 250% ( Aim not made on expert advice0
success of Khrushchev in social
-1956 minimum wage rose - 1960 7hr day
success of Khrushchev’s housing policy
108 million ppl into new apartment
Khrushchev attack on church success
3/4 church + monasteries shut down
when was the Thaw published
1954
how did the Thaw symbolise change
metaphor arrival of spring after stalin era
how many ppl in mass disorders + demonstrations 1953 - 1964
500,000
what was soviet procuracy
gov bureau involved in anti soviet unrest + propaganda
evidence of Khrushchev’s unpredictable character
-1960 UN banged shoe on table -erratic
when was cuban missile crisis
1962
what was cuban missile crisis
Kennedy forces Khrushchev to remove nuclear missiles from Cuba via USA naval blockade
why Cuban missile crisis disaster for Khrushchev
USSR humiliated on world stage - missiles were Khrushcev’s idea - humiliated in presidium
% political prisoners in gulags start to end of Khrushchev
22% to 1%
when was Khruschev removed from power
oct 1964 - politburo force retire
Khrushchev opinion on German issue
‘fishbone in gullet’ = real pain/choking
-Berlin Wall = symbolic failure
