Khrushchev policy + fall

Question 1

what did Khrushchev do in 1953

Answer 1

acknowledge limitations of soviet agriculture - productivity low =high taxes discourage production

Question 2

short term success of virgin lands scheme

Answer 2

1/2 of 125 million tonnes from virgin lands

Question 3

how was the virgin lands a long term failure

Answer 3

1963 harvest 1/3 drop expected grain output (land exploited for just 1 crop = lose fertility)

Question 4

what was abolished in 1958

Answer 4

MTS stations – kolkhoz (collective farms) have to buy own machinery

Question 5

what were the kolkhoz

Answer 5

collective farms

Question 6

virgin lands - by 1956 how many hectares cultivated

Answer 6

35.9 million hectares

Question 7

how was industry success a facade

Answer 7

Khrushchev boasts to the outside world

Question 8

evidence industry success

Answer 8

1957 sputnik released into space

Question 9

industrial failure: growth rates 1963

Answer 9

1963+1964 growth rates lowest since planning began

Question 10

industry success:space

Answer 10

1961 first man space Yuri

Question 11

what was command economy

Answer 11

centralised planning economy - state control

Question 12

what was Gosplan

Answer 12

economic planning council - set 5YP targets

Question 13

what was Veshenka

Answer 13

supreme council of economy

Question 14

when were 7 yr plan introduced

Answer 14

1959-1965 expand chemical industry

Question 15

what were 5 yr plans aimed at

Answer 15

industrialisation

Question 16

when was the New Party Programme

Answer 16

1961 delivered at 22nd party congress - build better standard of living for ppl

Question 17

what has new party programme been described as

Answer 17

combination delusion + utopianism

Question 18

examples of parts of new party programme - example delusion

Answer 18

1980 income per capita increased by 250% ( Aim not made on expert advice0

Question 19

success of Khrushchev in social

Answer 19

-1956 minimum wage rose - 1960 7hr day

Question 20

success of Khrushchev’s housing policy

Answer 20

108 million ppl into new apartment

Question 21

Khrushchev attack on church success

Answer 21

3/4 church + monasteries shut down

Question 22

when was the Thaw published

Answer 22

1954

Question 23

how did the Thaw symbolise change

Answer 23

metaphor arrival of spring after stalin era

Question 24

how many ppl in mass disorders + demonstrations 1953 - 1964

Answer 24

500,000

Question 25

what was soviet procuracy

Answer 25

gov bureau involved in anti soviet unrest + propaganda

Question 26

evidence of Khrushchev’s unpredictable character

Answer 26

-1960 UN banged shoe on table -erratic

Question 27

when was cuban missile crisis

Answer 27

1962

Question 28

what was cuban missile crisis

Answer 28

Kennedy forces Khrushchev to remove nuclear missiles from Cuba via USA naval blockade

Question 29

why Cuban missile crisis disaster for Khrushchev

Answer 29

USSR humiliated on world stage - missiles were Khrushcev’s idea - humiliated in presidium

Question 30

% political prisoners in gulags start to end of Khrushchev

Answer 30

22% to 1%

Question 31

when was Khruschev removed from power

Answer 31

oct 1964 - politburo force retire

Question 32

Khrushchev opinion on German issue

Answer 32

‘fishbone in gullet’ = real pain/choking
-Berlin Wall = symbolic failure