1906 - 1914 Duma Flashcards
when was story-in made minister internal affairs
July 1906
what was Duma made up of
3 sections
what were the 3 sections representing
-gov of ministers appointed by tsar
-chamber of those elected by peasant + nobility
-chamber elected zemstva + tsar
what had the October Manifesto promised
A duma but no specifics of how it worked
October manifesto splits
liberals from SRs + Marxists
what did Trotsky describe manifesto as
‘whip wrapped in the parchment of constitution’
what did end of Russo Japanese war aid Tsar in repression
more troops - mainly loyal to regime
evidence of opposition and repression following manifesto
bolsheviks in Moscow after arrests of St Petersburg soviet but 1,000 rebels killed in crushing
evidence of ‘rebel’ groups in support of the Tsar
‘Union Russian People’ - right wing - ‘Black Hundreds’ = violent thugs - 500 Jews murdered in 3 day program -recieved tsar support
when were Fundamental Laws released
April 1906
what did fundamental laws do?
strengthened Nicholas’ power - tsar remain autocratic control - could veto law
what was A87 in Fundamental Laws
Tsar rule by decree when duma not sitting
evidence of Tsar’s tightening grip in 1906
replace reform Witte w/ Ivan Goremykin - conservative = uphold autocracy
who were octobrists
wealthy conservatives - accept manifesto
who were Kadets
-liberal - full civil rights + parliament
who were Trudoviks
non revolutionary - split from SR - worker rights
who were SD
marxists - Mensheviks + bolsheviks
who were SR
populists - land distribution + peasant support
what was first duma dominated by?
reformists parties e.g. Kadets 182 seats
evidence of demands by first duma
universal male suffrage + termination emergency powers tsar
why did Nicholas dissolve first duma ?
-saw demands as too revolutionary - 2,250 gold francs from France = gov doesn’t need duma for money
how did duma react to dissolution
cyborg appeal - 200 deputies issue appeal to ppl in russia to not pay taxes = little impact
what is second duma referred to as
duma of national anger feb-tune 1907
majority in second duma
left wing reformists e.g. SR join
growth of right wing in second duma evidence
octobrists double number seats w/ support stolypin
issue w/ second duma
polarised left + right
how did second duma dissolve
-Stolypin dissolves duma by accusing SD of plotting Tsar assassination - as a result of left wing opposing his land reform
what was Stolypin’s coup
uses A87 to change electoral laws so landowners + nobility gain power 31% –> 50%
what was third Dumas nickname
Lords + Lackeys ‘ - stolypin’s coup 1907-1912
what was third duma dominated by
conservatives e.g. 154 seats octobrists
reforms from third duma
land + educational reforms - national health insurance
when was Stolypin assassinated
1911
tsar reaction to stolypin assassination
-killer- Bogriv SR connected to tsar okrhana - Tsar may have been unhappy with controversy of stolypin reforms
fourth duma -
1912-1917 more conservative right wings - little reform
evidence of workers losing faith in duma
increase strikes - 1912 Lena goldfields 200 strikers killed - inspired further strikes
Negatives of Duma Overall
polarisation of political parties inhibited reform as spent time attacking from within and working against the Tsar
however success of duma
stolypin third duma reforms = but controversial as octobrists believe go to far
