wk 4 2 - colorectal pathology

Question 1

most common pathology of colorectal

Answer 1

carcinoma

Question 2

polyps

Answer 2

protrusion above epithelial surface
(covers all growths)
mushroom like structure, benign/malignant

Question 3

which are malignant polyps

Answer 3

polypoid adenocarcinomas
carcinoid polyps

(mesenchymal ones are extremely rare)

Question 4

most common polyp

Answer 4

benign neoplastic adenoma (dysplastic)

Question 5

another name for metaplastic polyps

Answer 5

surrated polyps

Question 6

difference in appearance of flat and sessile polyps

Answer 6

sessile - slightly curved

Question 7

characteristics of adenoma of colon

Answer 7

benign
not invase, do not metastasise
if left, may turn into adenocarcinoma

Question 8

tubular, tubullovillous, villous adenomas are all

Answer 8

dysplastic

Question 9

p53 gene is described as

Answer 9

gatekeeper

everything goes out of control

Question 10

t/f to progress into a large andeoma, requires mutatio ni np53

Answer 10

false (K-ras mutation required)

for it to develop into an invase adenocarcinoma, requires p53 mutation

Question 11

what to consider in colouring of histolgoy

Answer 11

blue is bad

red is dead

Question 12

staging of colorecgal carcinoma can be Dukes A,B,C, what is difference

Answer 12

A: confined by muscularis propria
B: through muscularis propria
C: metastatic to lymph
(predicts prognosis)

Question 13

majority of colorecctal carcinomas are elft sides, (rectum,sigmoid,descending) what woul be expected

Answer 13

Obstruction
altered bowel habit (constipation/diarrhoea)
blood pr

Question 14

if it is right sided colorectal carcinoma, what would be expected

Answer 14

anaemia

weight loss

Question 15

alarm system of colorectal carcinomas

Answer 15

days of constipation
sudden diarrhoea
(lumen comrpessed to slit - builds up ober days then shot out)

Question 16

how can carcinomas kill u

Answer 16

local invasion (mesorectum, peritoneum/other organs) 
lymph spread (mesenteric nodes) 
haematogenous (liver,distant sites)

Question 17

heriditary non polyposis coli (HNPCC) (Lynch syndrome) and famiial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are 2 inherited colorectal cancers. What is the difference in each

Answer 17

HNPCC - <100 polyps (50/60yrs)

FAP - >100 polyps (~16yrs)

Question 18

t/f FAP is due to mutation in FAP gene

Answer 18

true

Question 19

which 4 genes could HNPCC be due to

Answer 19

MLH-1
MSH-2,6
PMS-1

Question 20

HNPCC/FAP - which one is due to mismatch in DNA repair

Answer 20

HNPCC

Question 21

t/f HNPCC more likely to be right sided tumours

Answer 21

true

Question 22

qwhich inheritrd carcnoma is assoicated with desmoid tumours and thyroid carcinoma

Answer 22

FAP

Question 23

t/f FAP w patients will have to recieve a prophylactic hysteroectomy

Answer 23

true