wk 2 3 pathology of small bowel

Question 1

entire blood supply of sm. intestine (except small part of duodenum)

Answer 1

superior mesenteric artery

Question 2

2 causes of mesenteric arterial occlusion

Answer 2

mesentery artery atherosclerosis

thromboembolism from heart

Question 3

other than occlusion, what else can cause ischaemia of small bowe l

Answer 3

non occlusive perfusion insufficiency

shock - trauma diverts blood away from intestines
strangulation - obstructs venous return (hernia, adhesion)
drugs (cocaine - vasospasm)
hyperviscosity

Question 4

which part of intestines is most sensitive to hypoxia

Answer 4

internal aspect of mucosa

Question 5

longer period of hypoxia leeads to

Answer 5

greater ischaemia, therefore deeper necrosis

Question 6

if the ischaemia is transmural, what may this lead to

Answer 6

past mucosa and mural, lead to gangrene and may cause death

Question 7

meckels diverticulum is due too

Answer 7

incomplete regression of vistelo-intestinal duct, embryological link betwen gut and yolk sack
forms fistulla

Question 8

Meckels diverticulum may cause

Answer 8

bleeding
perforation
diverticulitis, mimics appenditicis
commonly assymptomatic

Question 9

t/f primary tumours of the small intstines is rare

Answer 9

true

Question 10

secondary tumours of small bowel are common, where are the likely areas of these primary tumourss

Answer 10

ovary
colon
gastric

Question 11

3types of primary tumours of small bowel which is most common

Answer 11

lymphomas - most common
carcinoid tumours
carcinomas

Question 12

colour of carcinoid tumours

Answer 12

yellow - small and slow growing

Question 13

what does carcinoid tumours produce

Answer 13

hormone like substances

Question 14

carcinoma of small bowel is associated to what 2 diseases

Answer 14

crohn’s disease

coeliac disease

Question 15

pathology of acute appenditicis

Answer 15

acute inflammation (neutrophils)
mucosal ucleration
serosal congestion, exudate
pus in lumen

Question 16

complications of appendicitis

Answer 16

peritonitis 
rupture
abscess
fistula - appendix - epithelial tract organ 
sepsis and liver abscess

Question 17

associated diseases with coeliac disease

Answer 17

type 1 diabetes

Question 18

protein associated with coeliac disease

Answer 18

gliadin - component of gluten

Question 19

what causes the loss of enterocytes in coeliac disease

Answer 19

IEL mediated damage, more destroyed than produced

lloss of villous structure

Question 20

child diagnosed with coeliac disease by

Answer 20

serology - anti-TTG (4 is normal)

Question 21

metabolic effcts of coelliac disease

Answer 21

malabsorption of sugars, fats, amino acids, water and electrolyres
fat malabsorption - steatorrhea
reduced intestinal hormone production, reduced pancratic secretion leadig to gallstones