wk 2 3 pathology of small bowel COPY Flashcards

1
Q

entire blood supply of sm. intestine (except small part of duodenum)

A

superior mesenteric artery

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2
Q

2 causes of mesenteric arterial occlusion

A

mesentery artery atherosclerosis

thromboembolism from heart

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3
Q

other than occlusion, what else can cause ischaemia of small bowe l

A

non occlusive perfusion insufficiency

shock - trauma diverts blood away from intestines
strangulation - obstructs venous return (hernia, adhesion)
drugs (cocaine - vasospasm)
hyperviscosity

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4
Q

which part of intestines is most sensitive to hypoxia

A

internal aspect of mucosa

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5
Q

longer period of hypoxia leeads to

A

greater ischaemia, therefore deeper necrosis

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6
Q

if the ischaemia is transmural, what may this lead to

A

past mucosa and mural, lead to gangrene and may cause death

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7
Q

meckels diverticulum is due too

A

incomplete regression of vistelo-intestinal duct, embryological link betwen gut and yolk sack
forms fistulla

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8
Q

Meckels diverticulum may cause

A

bleeding
perforation
diverticulitis, mimics appenditicis
commonly assymptomatic

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9
Q

t/f primary tumours of the small intstines is rare

A

true

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10
Q

secondary tumours of small bowel are common, where are the likely areas of these primary tumourss

A

ovary
colon
gastric

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11
Q

3types of primary tumours of small bowel which is most common

A

lymphomas - most common
carcinoid tumours
carcinomas

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12
Q

colour of carcinoid tumours

A

yellow - small and slow growing

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13
Q

what does carcinoid tumours produce

A

hormone like substances

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14
Q

carcinoma of small bowel is associated to what 2 diseases

A

crohn’s disease

coeliac disease

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15
Q

pathology of acute appenditicis

A

acute inflammation (neutrophils)
mucosal ucleration
serosal congestion, exudate
pus in lumen

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16
Q

complications of appendicitis

A
peritonitis 
rupture
abscess
fistula - appendix - epithelial tract organ 
sepsis and liver abscess
17
Q

associated diseases with coeliac disease

A

type 1 diabetes

18
Q

protein associated with coeliac disease

A

gliadin - component of gluten

19
Q

what causes the loss of enterocytes in coeliac disease

A

IEL mediated damage, more destroyed than produced

lloss of villous structure

20
Q

child diagnosed with coeliac disease by

A

serology - anti-TTG (4 is normal)

21
Q

metabolic effcts of coelliac disease

A

malabsorption of sugars, fats, amino acids, water and electrolyres
fat malabsorption - steatorrhea
reduced intestinal hormone production, reduced pancratic secretion leadig to gallstones