wk 3 9 - histology

Question 1

describe oropharynx, oral cavity and laryngopharynx’s epithelium

Answer 1

stratified squamous

- generally not keratinised

Question 2

wher eis respiratory epithelium found in head

Answer 2

nasal cavity

nasopharynx

Question 3

stratified squamous epithellium, thin on ventral surface yet thick with papillae on dorsal surface covers what part of tongue. Describe the rest

Answer 3

anterior 2/3rds

posterior 1`/3rd- smooth stratified squamous epithelium with lymphoid aggregates in submucosa
(lacks papillae - except for circumvallate)

Question 4

4 types of papillae found on tongue

Answer 4

fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
filiform

Question 5

which papillae has no tastebuds

Answer 5

filiform

Question 6

4 layers of digestive tract

Answer 6

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
submucosa - connective
muscularis extrerna - circular and longlitudinal
serosa/adventitia - connective

Question 7

muscularis externa, which component is outer/inner

Answer 7

outer = longlitudinal 
inner = circular

Question 8

submucosal glands sit where in relation to the submucosa

Answer 8

behind (away from lumen)

Question 9

what is the change observed in the gastro-oesophageal junction

Answer 9

stratified squamous - columnar epithelium

Question 10

the stomach contains gastric pits, what lines these, what is found at the bottom

Answer 10

surface mucous cells

gastric glands

Question 11

the gastric gland can be categorised into pit, isthmus, neck, and base. what cells are found in eac h

Answer 11

pit - surface mucous cells
isthmus - parietal cells
neck -mucous and stem cells
base - chief cells with few neuroendocrine cells

Question 12

what does chief cells secrete

Answer 12

pepsinogen (activated to pepsin by parietal cells in isthmus) and chymosin

Question 13

how do the stomach regions differ in mucosa

Answer 13

cardia (entering of stomach) - deep gastric pits, branched into loosely tortuous glands
body - shallow pits, long str8 glands
pylorus - deep pits, branched/coiled glands, more than cardia

Question 14

some areas of stomach contain an extra layer of muscularis externa. where in relation to circular/longlitudinal does this lie

Answer 14

internally

sphincters

Question 15

of the 3 small intestine regions, which one contains brunner’s glands in submucosa? contains peyers patches? tallest villi?

Answer 15

duodenum
ileum
jejunum

Question 16

paneth cells are found in the crypts of lieberkuhn, what is their function

Answer 16

defend

regulates bacterial flora by secreting lysozyme and definsins

Question 17

where are stem cells found in small intestine

Answer 17

crypts of lieberkuhn

Question 18

describe the structure of enterocytes

Answer 18

simple columnar epithelium with a brush border

Question 19

brunner’s glands produce_____to neutralise___

Answer 19

alkaline mucous

chyme

Question 20

2 important cells of colon

Answer 20

absorptive cells

goblet cells

Question 21

different in muscularis externa between sml and lrg intesine

Answer 21

sml - continous, cannot be defined as 2 distinct areas

large - discontinous, found in 3 strips called teniae coli

Question 22

the myenteric plexus is where most of the gut neurones reside in between the muscularis externa layers. where does the rest reside, what does this control

Answer 22

submucous (plexus)
muscularis mucosa
-regulates secretion in epithelium