Why We Do What We Do Ch. 6

Question 1

two distinct identities of psychology

Answer 1

• Psychoanalysis, which focuses on inner processes
• Behaviourism, which focuses on outward behaviour

Question 2

Similarities between humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis:

Answer 2

• Both understand human behaviour in terms of motivational and emotional dynamics
• Both focus on promoting awareness as the basis for change
• Both build theory using observations and direct experience

Question 3

what perspective do Deci and Ryan assume?

Answer 3

organismic integration

Question 4

organismic integration

Answer 4

human beings are organisms that proactively engage with the world and have a basic tendency to move toward greater coherence and integrity

Question 5

the life force of human behaviour

Answer 5

Intrinsic motivation and organismic integration can be thought of as a life force

Question 6

how can humans develop authenticity?

Answer 6

The development of integration in personality

Question 7

the dialectic of human behaviour

Answer 7

Human behaviour is a dialectic between the person and the environment

Question 8

Two types of contexts that can turn a vital life into a disaffected one

Answer 8

1. Inconsistent or chaotic social contexts that make it impossible for people to figure out what is expected of them or how to behave competency to achieve intrinsic or extrinsic outcomes
2. Controlling environments that demand pressure and cajole people into behaving, thinking, or feeling in particular ways

Question 9

basic psychological needs and human development

Answer 9

Autonomy and competence are important for natural human development

Question 10

is it the perception of psychological needs or the reality that matters?

Answer 10

• It’s the person’s perception of their competence and autonomy that matters
• Perceptions don’t always match up with objective data

Question 11

Fully functioning person (Carl Rogers)

Answer 11

an individual who is completely engaged with the process of becoming themself and discovers that they are soundly and realistically social

Question 12

relatedness

Answer 12

the need to love and be loved, to care, and be cared for

Question 13

is relatedness compatible with autonomy?

Answer 13

This is compatible with autonomy; the confusion comes from a misunderstanding between independence and autonomy

Question 14

independence vs. autonomy

Answer 14

• Independence: to do for yourself; to not rely on others for nourishment and emotional support
• Autonomy: to act freely, with a sense of volition and choice

Question 15

what motivates dependence?

Answer 15

the need for relatedness

Question 16

independence vs. dependence in autonomy/control

Answer 16

Both independence and dependence can coexist with autonomy or control

Question 17

Deci, Ryan, and Lynch dependence in teenagers study

Answer 17

found that a willing or volitional dependence on parents was essential for teenagers’ integrity and well-being

Question 18

dependence among people

Answer 18

People vary in how much dependence is appropriate for them, but so long as they are autonomous concerning their dependence, they will find the appropriate amount for themselves