Succeed Ch. 5

Question 1

image-maintenance goals and happiness

Answer 1

People whose goals are about image maintenance and financial gain tend to be far less happy even if they succeed at their goals

Question 2

what aspects of one’s goals matter for achieving happiness?

Answer 2

the content & source of the goal

Question 3

external pressure & goals

Answer 3

• People who pursue goals because of external pressures don’t work as hard or as well
• They use superficial strategies that will help them merely “get by”

Question 4

Deci and Ryan on human motivations

Answer 4

all humans have three basic motivations

Question 5

what are Deci & Ryan’s motivations?

Answer 5

relatedness, competence, and autonomy

Question 6

relatedness

Answer 6

the desire to feel connected to and care for others

Question 7

competence

Answer 7

the desire to have an effect on your environment and be able to get the things you want out of it

Question 8

intelligence and competence

Answer 8

Intelligence is a kind of competence, but not the only kind

Question 9

autonomy

Answer 9

the desire to choose and organize your own experiences

Question 10

what kinds of goals satisfy all three of Deci and Ryan’s needs?

Answer 10

Goals about making, supporting, or strengthening our relationships, contributing to our communities, and helping others

Question 11

what kinds of goals don’t satisfy all three of Deci and Ryan’s needs?

Answer 11

Goals about seeking other people’s validation, such as becoming rich and famous

Question 12

does achieving goals that don’t satisfy all three of Deci and Ryan’s needs make us happy?

Answer 12

Achieving these goals doesn’t make us happy but we think it will so we pursue them

Question 13

when do we turn to superficial goals?

Answer 13

when our needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy are being frustrated

Question 14

what kinds of goals create intrinsic motivation?

Answer 14

self-chosen goals

Question 15

intrinsic motivation

Answer 15

the desire to do something for its own sake

Question 16

autonomy-supportive situations

Answer 16

situations where people have choices or the illusion of choices

Question 17

the impact of choice on goal success

Answer 17

When people feel that they have choices, they are more motivated and successful

Question 18

the impact control on intrinsic motivation

Answer 18

Intrinsically motivated students abandon their pursuits when they feel too controlled

Question 19

Lepper et al. preschool children and intrinsic motivation study

Answer 19

found that a group of 3-5-year-old children who were offered rewards to play with markers were no longer interested in playing with markers in the absence of a reward

Question 20

what rewards do not negatively impact intrinsic motivation?

Answer 20

Unexpected rewards, rewards that are not contingent on performance, verbal rewards, and rewards when intrinsic motivation is not an issue

Question 21

what factors negatively impact intrinsic motivation?

Answer 21

Threats, surveillance, deadlines, and other pressures

Question 22

having a choice vs. having the illusion of a choice

Answer 22

It isn’t having a choice that matters as much as the illusion of having a choice

Question 23

Cordova & Lepper choice vs. feeling of choice study

Answer 23

• found that in the feeling-of-choice condition, students liked the game much more and were far more likely to be willing to stay after class to continue playing, even though it meant giving up valuable recess time
• Those who experienced an irrelevant choice used more strategic moves and scored higher on a subsequent math test measuring what they had learned. They also reported greater confidence in their ability and said they would enjoy a more challenging version of the game in the future

Question 24

autonomy and well-being

Answer 24

Our need for autonomy is vital to our psychological well-being

Question 25

Langer & Robin autonomy and wellbeing in nursing homes study

Answer 25

nursing home residents in the feeling-of-choice condition reported being happier and feeling more active. They were rated by the nurses as more alert and as having mental and physical improvement while the no-choice group’s condition deteriorated. Their mortality rate was also cut in half after 18 months

Question 26

internalization

Answer 26

when people take externally based rules and requests and come to personally endorse them as values

Question 27

what is the best way to foster internalization?

Answer 27

Giving people a sense of autonomy when assigning them a goal

Question 28

when is internalization facilitated?

Answer 28

when our basic needs are supported, we experience feelings of relatedness to others, and we feel competent concerning the value being internalized

Question 29

how can we enhance feelings of relatedness and competence?

Answer 29

by understanding the rationale behind the value

Question 30

internalization and well-being

Answer 30

Internalization results in greater well-being and happiness from the goals we embrace as our own

Question 31

autonomy and interdependence

Answer 31

Autonomy does not conflict with interdependence

Question 32

interdependence

Answer 32

feeling connected to, caring for, and working in collaboration with others