Why We Do What We Do Ch. 11

Question 1

McGinnis & Foege health behaviours and outcomes study

Answer 1

tobacco and alcohol use and exercise and diet patterns account for more than ⅓ of all American deaths

Question 2

Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire

Answer 2

asks participants a series of questions about why they are entering a treatment program

Question 3

why do people drink, smoke, and overeat?

Answer 3

these behaviours bind anxiety, providing an escape from pressures

Question 4

what is necessary for people to change self-destructive behaviours?

Answer 4

people have to reach the point where they are willing to allow the feelings that the behaviours are blocking

Question 5

when are people most likely to have the highest health behaviour returns?

Answer 5

when they accept responsibility for their health-related behaviours

Question 6

Ryan et al. autonomy in an alcohol treatment program study

Answer 6

found that participants who decided to enter an alcohol treatment program for autonomous reasons attended the program more regularly

Question 7

Williams et al. autonomy in a weight loss program study

Answer 7

found that patients who were attending a weight-loss program for more autonomous reasons attended more weekly meetings, lost more weight, and maintained their lost weight

Question 8

how does the path to changing self-destructive behaviours begin?

Answer 8

with taking a genuine interest in their motivation and developing personal endorsement of the change

Question 9

Williams et al. autonomy and medical noncompliance study

Answer 9

assessed the reasons why patients take their medication and found that those who were autonomous in their reasons were much more reliable in following their prescriptions

Question 10

Williams et al. autonomy and medical noncompliance study takeaway

Answer 10

people will adhere to a medical prescription if they feel autonomous in doing it

Question 11

Williams et al. autonomy support and weight loss study

Answer 11

assessed weight loss patients’ perception of the staff and found that the more they were perceived as autonomy supportive, the more patients reported autonomous reasons for adhering to the program guidelines, which predicted maintained weight loss. The same results were found in a medication adherence study

Question 12

biomedical approach

Answer 12

addresses illness in biological terms, viewed as being caused by germs or organ malfunctioning and treated with medication and surgical interventions

Question 13

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 13

• Illness is understood as having many facets that involve an interplay of natural systems, including chemical, neurological, psychological, and social
• Emphasizes that the way a provider relates to a patient can influence whether the patient behaves in healthy ways

Question 14

what model do Williams, Deci, and Ryan’s studies on autonomy support and patient motivation support?

Answer 14

the biopsychosocial approach

Question 15

what are patients responsible for?

Answer 15

their own health behaviour

Question 16

what are doctors responsible for?

Answer 16

encouraging patients to behave in healthy ways

Question 17

patients’ health-related behaviour =

Answer 17

the patient’s motivations + the style of the healthcare providers

Question 18

Deci et al. training medical students to be autonomy-supportive study

Answer 18

assessed second-year medical students’ reasons for taking a medical interviewing course and their attitudes toward the psychosocial approach. They found that the course instructors who supported students’ autonomy encouraged the internalization and integration of psychosocial values. A few months later when the students were interviewing a patient, those who had become more autonomous in their own motivation and integrated the value of the psychosocial approach were more autonomy-supportive