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PSYC 471 > Lecture 16: What Country Has the Best Education Model? > Flashcards

Lecture 16: What Country Has the Best Education Model? Flashcards

1
Q

success of schools in Finland

A
  • Finland emerged as the best in the early 21st century in terms of reading and math scores
  • Groups of Quebec educators would go to Finland to learn from their teaching methods
  • In 2022, Finland fell to 11th place in terms of reading and math so some think this may have been a fluke
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2
Q

success of schools in Singapore

A

Singapore has since taken over the top spot in 2015 & 2022

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3
Q

PISA exam

A
  • The 97 countries that make up the Organization of Economic Development (OECD) countries give 15-year-olds a PISA exam
  • It measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use their reading, mathematics, and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges
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4
Q

what students do the best in Quebec?

A
  • Vietnamese students in Quebec are doing the best in math, science, and French
  • They put in 2-3 times as much work as native Quebecers
  • Asian parents have a malleable theory of intelligence
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5
Q

motivation in hierarchical cultures

A

Hierarchical cultures tend to rely more on extrinsic motivation

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6
Q

characteristics of Singapore schools

A
  • More standards
  • More homework
  • More emphasis on math & science
  • Longer days & year
  • High stakes testing
  • High value on teaching as a profession
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7
Q

U.S. school trends

A
  • More standards
  • More homework
  • More emphasis on math & science
  • More classes for gifted children
  • Longer days & year
  • Uniforms
  • Merit pay for teachers
  • Pay for students doing well in low SES neighbourhoods (was found to be a failure)
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8
Q

Finland schools today

A
  • Start school at age 7
  • Same teacher for 3 years
  • No grades until age 12
  • No gifted classes
  • No uniforms
  • Address the teacher by the first name
  • No special prizes, awards, money
  • Recess every hour
  • Lots of feedback
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9
Q

KIPP video

A
  • KIPP schools try to emulate the characteristics of schools in Singapore
  • Emphasize teamwork
  • Students in these schools do better on standardized test measures
  • They are usually found in disadvantaged neighbourhoods
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10
Q

Koestner’s criticisms of KIPP schools

A
  • Kids have to earn a desk by showing that they can be “KIPPnitized”
  • Kids are always socialized to respect adults
  • They are somewhat controlling
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11
Q

what can teachers do to help children maintain their intrinsic motivation?

A

Encourage cooperation
Support autonomy

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12
Q

what questions can teachers ask to support autonomy?

A
  • Why is this interesting?
  • How is this personally relevant to me?
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13
Q

Johnson & Johnson, 1999

A

argued that there are 3 goal structures

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14
Q

Johnson & Johnson’s 3 goal structures

A
  • competition
  • cooperation
  • individualism
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15
Q

competition

A

people attain their goals only if others do not

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16
Q

cooperation

A

people attain their goals only when others do

17
Q

individualism

A

people train their goals without affecting the goal attainment of others

18
Q

Cooperation is associated with:

A
  • Greater intrinsic motivation
  • Greater mastery of principles and concepts
  • Greater development of communication skills
  • Better attitudes toward teachers and schools
  • Better attitudes toward classmates, including opposite sex and minorities
  • Higher self-esteem and mental health
19
Q

Radio Canada analysis of Finnish schools

A
  • The Finnish system emphasizes collective work, where students work together on projects that have practical aspects to them
  • Students are asked to master and evaluate themselves as they learn
  • The teacher does not grade the student but this does not prevent them from following the student’s progress very closely and providing feedback daily
20
Q

autonomy support in Finnish, KIPP, and Asian schools

A
  • Finnish and KIPP schools are highly autonomy-supportive
  • Asian schools focus on pressuring children to achieve success through family obligations and fear of failure
21
Q

attunement

A

taking the perspective of the student and using student interest and input to guide teaching

22
Q

what is not autonomy support?

A
  • Rewards (symbolic and tangible)
  • Praise
  • Threats
  • Competition
  • Surveillance
  • Deadlines
  • Evaluation
  • Imposed goals
  • Controlling
23
Q

level of curiosity/interest by grade

A
  • Children’s intrinsic motivation diminishes throughout their education in North America
  • Singapore schools aren’t autonomy-supportive, so we would expect a decrease in intrinsic motivation there too
  • In Finland, kids maintain their curiosity and interest in challenges through autonomy support, so we wouldn’t expect the same decrease in intrinsic motivation
24
Q

Deci 1981 impact of teacher style study method

A
  • Field study
  • Used a large sample of public schools
  • Measured teachers’ regulatory style and students’ intrinsic motivation in October and May
  • They used 12 different scenarios and made respondents rank the 4 possible responses
  • The first option is highly controlling, the second is somewhat controlling, the third is somewhat autonomy-supportive, and the fourth is highly autonomy-supportive
25
Q

Deci 1981 impact of teacher style study findings

A
  • They found a normal distribution in teachers’ regulatory style
  • They found a strong correlation between teacher autonomy support and intrinsic motivation, cognitive competence, and general self-worth
  • The initial drop in intrinsic motivation, cognitive competence, and general self-worth takes place in the first 2 months of the school year and stays about the same throughout the school year
26
Q

Reeve 2002

A

it’s easier to identify the wrong behaviours than it is to identify the right ones

27
Q

CNN gymnastics video

A
  • Example of controlling teaching
  • Approximately 25 negative comments/demands
  • Recent research shows that control can be communicated by tone of voice and facial expressions
28
Q

behavioural indicators of control

A
  • Emphaszies evaluation
  • Emphasizes high standards
  • Direct and gives answers
  • Emphasizes competition
29
Q

behavioural indicators of autonomy support

A
  • Listening more
  • Encouraging conversations
  • Allocating time for independent work
  • Showing interest in what students are learning
30
Q

autonomy support in Finland

A
  • Finnish and Estonian teachers are taught to be entrepreneurial
  • Finnish teachers pick books and customize lessons as they shape students to national standards
31
Q

teaching methods in Finland

A
  • Cooperative classroom structure
  • Autonomy support for both students and teachers: Part of this is making material personally meaningful and relevant
32
Q

how is Finland responding to their international scores slipping?

A
  • Finland is responding by continuing to find ways to make school a more interesting and enjoyable place for all
  • Raising students’ motivation to learn and their well-being, in general, are the main goals of their current education policy
  • They try to choose a theme for the year to make things more cohesive across subjects
33
Q

happiness, literacy, and productivity in Finland

A
  • Finland scores as the most literate, productive, and happy country
  • This likely reflects higher intrinsic motivation and autonomy
  • Finnish schools do the best job of preparing students for the adult world
  • Their focus on intrinsic motivation translates well to work and social life
34
Q

changes in Singapore schools

A
  • Kids in Singapore have high rates of anxiety and depression and this has been linked to their rigorous academics
  • Reduce the “drill and kill” approach
  • Phase out exams in grades 1 and 2
  • Promote life-long learning

PSYC 471 (61 decks)

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