White-Nose Syndrome Graphing

Question 1

WNS is a … disease which causes …. to develop on bats’ noses

Answer 1

fungal; white fuzz

Question 2

WNSis caused by the fungus

Answer 2

Pseudogymnoascus destructans

Question 3

WNS causes bats to exhibit unnatural behavior susch as flying during the … when they should be …

Answer 3

winter; hibernating

Question 4

if WNS mortality rates (90%) remain the same, several bat species will become … within 20 yrs, an issue because bats act as natural …. by eating …

Answer 4

locally extinct; pest control; harmful insects

Question 5

concerning the fungus’s origin, some believe it is an … from another country, while others advocate the notion that it is north american, but has only recently become better able to ..

Answer 5

invasive species; cause disease

Question 6

WNS was first documented at four … in … state in 2006

Answer 6

cave sites; NY

Question 7

the fungus can be spread among bats by … or spores can be transferred between … by … (on …) or …

Answer 7

direct contact; caves; humans; clothing; other animals

Question 8

european strains of the fungus occur in … levels across europe but have led to few … there

Answer 8

low; bat deaths

Question 9

bats with wns frequently awake during …, causing them to use important …, leading to ..

Answer 9

hibernation; fat reserves; death

Question 10

to test the theory that european strains would effect bats at least as severely as the north american strains, warnecke and her team isolated both strains and treated three groups of bats, 1 with the …, 2 with the …, and 3 with the …. which had …

Answer 10

north american strain; european strain; inoculation serum; spores

Question 11

WNS spread to … states and killed over … bats

Answer 11

20; 5.5 million

Question 12

WNS affects at least … different bat species in the U.S.

Answer 12

6

Question 13

researchers speculated that european p. destructans will affect north american bat hibernation … as does the north american strain

Answer 13

at least as severely

Question 14

warnecke and colleagues isolated fungal spores from europe and north america, collected … brown bats and divided them into two experimental groups and 1 control, simulating environmental conditions of a …

Answer 14

54; cave

Question 15

the researchers used … to examine the bats’ hibernation over … consecutive intervals of … days each, using the cameras to determine the total number of times a bat was … during each interval

Answer 15

infrared cameras; four; 26; aroused from hibernation