Lecture 15

Question 1

DFTD is a cancer, which is characterized by … In order to understand DFTD, we first need to understand how cells …

Answer 1

abnormal cell division; divide normally

Question 2

2n means …, which indicates … sets of chromosomes

n means …, which indicates … sets of chromosomes

Answer 2

diploid; 2; haploid; 1

Question 3

homologous chromosomes contain DNA that codes for … Both chromosomes have all the same … in the same …, but different … of those genes

Answer 3

the same genes; genes; locations; versions

Question 4

scientists use … to study chromosomes

Answer 4

karyotypes

Question 5

karyotype = … and … of chromosomes in a eukaryotic nucleus

Answer 5

number; appearance

Question 6

each eukaryotic organism has two types of cells: … and … cells
most cells are … (have two copies of each chromosome) and are called … cells

Answer 6

somatic; germ; diploid; somatic; diploid; somatic

Question 7

germ cells produce … (one copy of each chromosome) and are the only cells that can undergo … as well as …

Answer 7

haploid gametes; meiosis; mitosis

Question 8

humans have … chromosomes: … autosomes and … sex chromosomes.

Answer 8

46; 44; 2

Question 9

human karyotyping is sometimes done to detect the presence of … associated with medical problems

Answer 9

chromosomal abnormalities

Question 10

the portion of the cell cycle that involves cell division is by far the … cells do not spend most of their time …

Answer 10

shortest; dividing

Question 11

some cells stay in the … phase until induced to … This is where … function takes place

Answer 11

G0; divide; normal cellular

Question 12

G0 is

Answer 12

cell cycle arrest

Question 13

G1: cellular contents, excluding the …, are ….

Answer 13

chromosomes; duplicated

Question 14

S: each of the … is …. by the cell

Answer 14

46 chromosomes; duplicated

Question 15

G2: the cell “…” the duplicated chromosomes for …, making any needed …

Answer 15

double checks; error; repairs

Question 16

interphase:

Answer 16

G1, S, G2

Question 17

Some cells (like nerve and eye cells) do not … and stay in the … phase

Answer 17

divide; G0

Question 18

after mitosis, there are now 2 … cells … to the original cell

Answer 18

daughter; identical

Question 19

Walter Flemming was the first to record the process of

Answer 19

mitosis

Question 20

… and … are replicated in the S phase. After their replication, chromosomes … into …

Answer 20

chromosomes; centromeres; condense; sister chromatids

Question 21

Mitosis: cell division in which one cell divides to produce …, each with the identical … of the parent cell

Answer 21

2 daughter cells; genetic information

Question 22

In the G1 phase: the chromosomes remain … so genes can be …
S phase: the chromosomes … and consist of two …

Answer 22

extended; accessed; replicate; sister chromatids

Question 23

(mitosis) prophase: the chromosomes …

Answer 23

condense

Question 24

(mitosis) pro-metaphase: chromosomes .. further and each chromatid develops a …. that attaches to …

Answer 24

condense; kinetochore; microtubules

Question 25

(mitosis) metaphase: the chromosomes ... at the ... of the dividing cell

Answer 25

line up; equator

Question 26

(mitosis) anaphase: the spindle ... the sister chromatids are then ....

Answer 26

pulls the chromosomes apart; dragged to opposite ends of the cell

Question 27

(mitosis) telophase: the chromosomes ... and the ... reforms, completing chromosome segregation

Answer 27

uncoil; nuclear membrane

Question 28

(mitosis) cytokinesis: the ... of the two daughter cells ...

Answer 28

cytoplasm; divides

Question 29

(mitosis) the process of separating duplicated chromosomes, occurs in a series of phases that are part of the cell cycle. A dividing cell passes through each of these phases in sequence. The cellular machinery that actually pulls chromosomes apart is known as the

Answer 29

mitotic spindle.

Question 30

(mitosis) interphase: each chromosome replicates in ..., resulting in two sister chromatids connected at the ... chromosomes are loosely gathered in the ...

Answer 30

late interphase; centromere; nucleus

Question 31

(mitosis) interphase: includes

Answer 31

G1, S, G2

Question 32

(mitosis) prophase: replicated chromosoms begin to ..., the nuclear membrane begins to ..., ... of the mitotic spindle begin to form

Answer 32

coil up; disassemble; protein fibers

Question 33

(mitosis) prometaphase: chromosomes ... to ... them, making it easier to ... ... attach to chromosomes on both sides at the ... region

Answer 33

condense; shorten; separate; spindle fibers; centromere

Question 34

(mitosis) metaphase: spindle fibers from opposite ends of the cell ...,chromosomes are aligned along the ...

Answer 34

pull on chromosomes; middle of the cell

Question 35

(mitosis) anaphase: spindle fibers ... and pull ... to ... ends of the cell

Answer 35

shorten; sister chromatids; opposite

Question 36

(mitosis) telophase: an identical set of chromosomes reaches each pole, ... disassemble, ... forms around each set of chromosomes, forming the daughter cell ...

Answer 36

spindle fibers; nuclear membrane; nuclei