Lecture 18 Flashcards
different alleles for the same gene have differences in the … compared to one another. in many cases, these differences in the nucleotides lead to the expression of different …
nucleotide sequence; phenotypes
genotype: the … of an organism
phenotype: the … traits of an organism (… of genes)
genetic makeup; observable; expressions
gene: region of DNA that codes for a …
allele: … forms of the same gene
particular protein; variant
homozygous: having two copies of the …
heterozygous: having two …
same allele; different alleles
true breeding = …
homozygous
one can predict which alleles offspring possess using the … which are governed by …: the likelihood that an event will …
rules of inheritance; probability; occur
…: the father of genetics
gregor mendel
much of the early interest in inheritance patterns came from people … and … to try to produce …
breeding animals; plants; desirable traits
a proposed theory of inheritance was that parents’ traits (distinguishing characteristics) … in their children. another was that parents modified their traits through … and passed them onto their kids (…)
blended; use; lamarckism
(Mendel’s laws of inheritance) great choice of experimental system: generation time= …
used …
formulated hypotheses are tested them
1 year; math
(Mendel’s laws of inheritance) pea plants have several characteristics that can take one of two forms. each form, such as yellow color, is a distinct trait. mendel was interested in how these traits were … from one generation to the next, that is, how they were …
passed down; inherited
(Mendel’s laws of inheritance) mendel began by crossing lines that bred … and differed in only … (e.g. flower color, white or purple)
true; one trait
(Mendel’s laws of inheritance) the offspring of the cross between purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants were all purple, which did not support the theory of…
to determine whether the trait of white flowers had disappeared entirely when purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants were crossed, Mendel bred the purple offspring plants, which he called the …, with each other
blended inheritance; F1 generation
(Mendel’s laws of inheritance) when the all-purple F1 individuals were interbred, approximately … of the …. generation had purple flowers and .. had white
3/4; F2; 1/4
(Mendel’s laws of inheritance) Mendel concluded:
- traits were not … in offspring. instead, they stayed .., or …
- suggested that variations in appearance among organisms were caused by … of … factors
- suggested that each organism inherited … versions of each factor, one from each …
- suggested that if the two versions of each inherited factor were different, the …. one determined the organism’s appearance, masking the … one
separate; segregated; alternate versions; heritable; two; parent; dominant; recessive
