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Concepts of Bio > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tasmanian devils are …, a clade of …

A

marsupials; mammals

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2
Q

most mammals are … mammals

A

placental

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3
Q

modern marsupials originated from ancestors in prehistoric …

A

South America

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4
Q

Marsupials dispersed to … from South America via …, roughly … million years ago, probably just a …

A

Australia; Antarctica; 50; single species

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5
Q

Tasmanian Devils used to occur throughout Australia, but became … on the …, likely around 3000 years ago, possibly associated with competition with the human-introduced dingo

A

locally extinct; mainland

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6
Q

Tasmanian devils are now found only in …, an island state of Australia

A

Tasmania

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7
Q

Tasmanian devil habitat: throughout Tasmania, particularly … and …

A

coastal forests; dry scrublands

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8
Q

Tasmanian devil characteristics: ‘

  • …/… (wide …)
  • …
  • live in ..
  • … but within a loose …
  • Size: ~50-70 cm in length, 4-12 kg
A

predators; scavengers; diet; nocturnal; dens; solitary; social group

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9
Q

DFTD is …

A

devil facial tumor disease

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10
Q

(DFTD) first described in 1996

… tumors, usually initial on …, develop and … rapidly

A

cancerous; face; spread

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11
Q

(DFTD) Causes death due to … or other causes, often within … of initial symptoms
Rare example of … cancer: … among individuals, largely through …
caused by … (not …)

A

starvation; 6 months; contagious; transmissible; biting; malignant cells; viral

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12
Q

(DFTD) The spread of DFTD has led to drastic …. in formerly … populatoins of Tasmanian devils

A

population declines; stable

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13
Q

Tasmanian devils were classifed as … by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2009

A

endangered

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14
Q

Since its first recorded sighting in 1996, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) has maintained a steady westward march in Tasmania, depleting devil populations by as much as … in some areas

A

90 percent

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15
Q

To understand DFTD, we need to know the … of the disease, how it is …

A

origin; transmitted

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16
Q

In order to understand DFTD, we need to understand why tumor cells spread from other devils are not

A

provoking an immune response

17
Q

The MHC I protein has a …- which can only bind specific …

A

peptide-binding groove; antigens

18
Q

antigens are molecules (short peptides) that are recognized by the … as either … or …

A

immune system; foreign; self

19
Q

Each MHC I has a different

A

specificity

20
Q

If the antigen presented by a cell is recognized as foreign, the … or … will kill the cell

A

T-cell; antibodies

21
Q

(contagious cancers) Canine Transmissible veneral disease (CTVT): … tumors on dogs develop from …-transmitted tumor cells; cancerous cell line originated about 11,000 yrs ago

A

genital; sexually

22
Q

(contagious cancers) leukemia-like cancer in soft-shell clams: newly described in 2015, transmission of cells originating from a

A

single clam

23
Q

(contagious cancers) contagious reticulum cell sarcoma: not .. occurring, arose in a lab population of …, transmissible via … or … of tumor cells by researchers

A

naturally; Syrian hamsters; bites of mosquitoes; implanation

24
Q

(contagious cancers) some potential causes of cancers, such as Human Papillomavirus, are transmissible between humans, but there are no examples of directly transmissible human cancers except for very rare examples associated with

A

organ transplants

25
Q

regulation of gene expression controls the … produced in response to an external condition or stimulus

A

quantity of a protein

26
Q

up-regulation result in … being produced; while down-regulation results in … being

A

more proteins; fewer proteins

27
Q

the devils are so … to one another that there is no diversity among their … Consequently, the cells of another devil are not recognized as … by the immune system

A

genetically similar; MHC genes; foreign

28
Q

a normal immune response to foreign antigens would be … and … cell …

A

T; B; proliferation

29
Q

immune response entails the following steps: …, …, …, …, and …

A

resting; activation; proliferation; contraction; memory

Concepts of Bio (34 decks)

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