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Concepts of Bio > Lecture 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 22 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

tasmanian devils are …/….

A

predators; scavengers

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2
Q

predators: taxonomic classification
carnivores: consume …
herbivores: consume …
omnivores: consume …

A

animals; plants; both

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3
Q

predators: functional classification
- true predators: … prey, consume … individuals, often consume prey in …
- grazers: rarely …, consume … individuals, consume … of prey individual
- parasites: sometimes …, live within …/…. individuals, highly … adaptations
- parasitoids: eventually …, usually many consume …, … consume host

A

kill; many; entirety; lethal; many; part; lethal; single; few; specialized; lethal; single host; slowly

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4
Q

predators display a range of … on prey

A

specialization

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5
Q

highly species-specific: has many complex adaptations to just one or a few

A

host species

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6
Q

highly generalized: feeds primarily on something, but opportunistically eats what it

A

can

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7
Q

prey defenses against being eaten: … defense, … and .., … (..) coloration and …

A

chemical; armor; weapons; warning; aposematic; mimicry

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8
Q

predator response on offense: … coloration, …

A

cryptic; mimicry

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9
Q

plant defenses against herbivory: …, … defenses, … defenses

A

mimicry; chemical; structural

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10
Q

disperse seeds unevenly across … so that some places have … of seeds and some have only a few–counting on … and … seed predators in only one spot

A

space; lots; attracting; satiating

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11
Q

disperse seeds unevenly through a … so that there are lots and lots of seeds for only a … days–counting on … and … seed predators in a …

A

a season; few; attracting; satiating; short time

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12
Q

disperse seeds unevenly across … so that there are only seeds availabe in … yrs– counting on predators not keying in on a single spot as a … yr after yr

A

years; random; seed source

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13
Q

in response to plant defenses, herbivores have a … diet, … chemicals, or … around the chemical defenses

A

diverse; metabolize; eat

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14
Q

food chain: pathway of movement of … and … through feeding relationships in a community

A

energy; nutrients

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15
Q

trophic levels: classifications of organisms in an ecosystem according to

A

feeding relationship

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16
Q

energy transfer between trophic levels is …, may limit length of …
only about … of available energy is transferred through food chain

A

inefficient; food chains; 10%

17
Q

energy is lost as … to …/…/… (energy that organisms USE gets converted to … and eventually leaves the system) and to the … food chain through …

A

heat; metabolism; maintenance; respiration; heat; decomposer; death

18
Q

first trophic level: … (…)

second: … consumers (…)
third: … consumers (…)
fourth: … consumers (…)

A

producers; plants; primary; herbivores; secondary; carnivores; tertiary; top carnivores

19
Q

in simplest models, there is a tendency for predator and prey populations to undergo coupled … (…) in abundance

A

oscillations; cycles

20
Q

trophic cascades: …/… in one species has effects throughout the …

A

change; loss; food chain

21
Q

top-down regulation: regulation of populations and community structure through …

A

consumers

22
Q

bottom-up regulation: regulation of populations and community structure through the

A

producers

23
Q

types of trophic cascades: … and … regulatoin

A

top-down; bottom-up

24
Q

most real communities are complex and display a variety of dynamic predator-prey patterns:

  • … of predators and prey
  • predators may respond differently to different …
  • spatial …: …, habitat ..
  • trophic interactions are embedded in a complex web of …
A

adaptations; prey densities; heterogeneity; refuges; quality; interactions

25
Q

food webs: describe the … (trophic) relations among organisms in all or part of a …, illustrate how effects on one population can lead to changes throughout the …, can help us understand or predict how communities respond to …

A

feeding; community; food web; environmental change

Concepts of Bio (34 decks)

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