Lecture 4 Flashcards
(MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus is a common type of bacteria and colonizes about 1 out of every 4 healthy people, but normally doesn’t cause problems. About 2 out of every 100 people carry a strain of staph that is resistant to many antibiotics: this strain of staph is called …, or … Staphylococcus Aureus
MRSA; methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) Antimicrobial resistance is … based; resistance can be transferred between bacteria via …
genetically; horizontal gene transfer
(MRSA) MRSA infections often occur in people who are in the … or other … setting. MRSA are causing a higher number of the staph infections that begin in the hospital
hospital; health care
mechanisms for evolutionary change: ‘
…, leads to …
natural selection; adaption
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) … increases ….
mutation; genetic variation
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) somatic mutations occur in … cells and are passed to other cells through .., creating a clone of cells having the …
nonreproductive; mitosis; mutant gene
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) germ-line mutations occur in cells that give rise to …
… and … allow germ-line mutations to be passed to approximately .. the members of the next generation who will carry the mutation in all their cells
gametes; meiosis; sexual reproduction
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) migration is the … of genes in or out of a population and …
flow; increases genetic variation
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) …: gene frequencies change due to …
a main type of this mechanism is natural disasters
genetic drift; chance
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) a type of genetic drift is the … effect
founder
(Mechanisms for evolutionary change) founder effect: genetic drift that results when a population is started by a …, can lead to reduced … or a non-random sample of the genes in the original population
small number of individuals; genetic variation;
evolutionary change occurs … and can lead to the formation of …
within species; new species
anagenesis/phyletic evolution: evolutionary change of an
entire population
cladogenesis/speciation: evolutionary … event in which one population … into two …
splitting; splits; distinct populations
clad: group on phylogenetic tree that are
related
