Week 8 Part 2

Question 1

Eupnea

Answer 1

Normal breathing rate and pattern (12-20)

Question 2

Tachypnea

Answer 2

> 20
Can be from excitement or anxiety

Question 3

Bradypnea

Answer 3

<12
obesity
alcoholism

Question 4

Apnea

Answer 4

absence of breathing

Question 5

Cheyne-Stokes

Answer 5

gradual increases then gradual decreases in respiration with periods of apnea

can happen with cardiac failure

Question 6

Biots

Answer 6

rapid and deep respirations with pause of apnea

Brain insult (stroke) most likely to brainstem

Question 7

Kussmauls

Answer 7

rapid and deep respiration

acidosis

panic attack

Question 8

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 8

Accumulation of fluid in the tissues and air spaces of the lung

Question 9

Pulmonary Edema
Most commonly caused by heart disease, especially

Answer 9

left ventricular failure with pink frothy sputum

Question 10

Effect of aging on Pulmonary System
Movement of cilia

Answer 10

slows

Question 11

Effect of aging on Pulmonary System
Loss of an effective

Answer 11

cough reflex

Question 12

Effect of aging on Pulmonary System
decrease in the functional ability of the lungs to _____
especially after ____ years

Answer 12

move air in and out
55

Question 13

Effect of aging on Pulmonary System
Respiratory muscle strength

Answer 13

weakens

Question 14

Effect of aging on Pulmonary System
Increased stiffness of the

Answer 14

chest wall

Question 15

Effect of aging on Pulmonary System
Loss of

Answer 15

elastic recoil of the lungs

Question 16

Result of Aging Lungs
all of these changes contribute to the

Answer 16

increased work of breathing

Question 17

With breathing, the elderly person must have

Answer 17

more ventilation for the same oxygenation than the younger person

Question 18

effect of aging on the pulmonary system
these changes are influenced (negatively) by

Answer 18

Environmental factors

Respiratory disease

Body size

Question 19

Infectious and inflammatory pulmonary diseases

Answer 19

pneumonia

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 20

pneumonia

Answer 20

Restrictive Lung disease

Inflammatory pulmonary response to an organism or agent

Question 21

pneumonia
Inhalation of

Answer 21

toxic or caustic chemicals, smoke, dusts, or gases

Question 22

Pneumonia most common in

Answer 22

older adults and children <5

Question 23

Etiology of Pneumonia
4 Causes

Answer 23

Aspiration - food, fluids, vomitus
Bacterial 30%
Viral - 50% of most cases
Fungal - less common

Question 24

Bacterial pneumonia prevalent in the

Answer 24

elderly

Question 25

pneumonia pathogenesis

Answer 25

- Multiplying microorganisms release damaging toxins stimulating inflammatory and immune responses with damaging side effects - Inflammation (associated with exudate) and edema cause filling with infectious debris and exudate

Question 26

pneumonia preceded by an

Answer 26

upper respiratory infection

Question 27

Pneumonia signs/symptoms

Answer 27

Chest pain aggravated by chest movement, dyspnea -Hacking, productive cough with rust‐colored or green, purulent sputum - Tachypnea accompanied by decreased chest excursion on the affected side Cyanosis (central)

Question 28

Pneumonia treatment

Answer 28

Antibiotic therapy for bacterial (primary) Adequate hydration and pulmonary hygiene - Deep breathing, coughing, and chest therapy (postural drainage) Mechanical ventilation and supplemental O2

Question 29

Pneumonia Important factors

Answer 29

dyspnea worse with exertion supine/prone make breathing harder (high fowler) Lots of exudate in lung vocal fremitus is increased because of fluid dull percussion

Question 30

with pneumonia CDC recomends ______ Elevation of ________ Decrease use of _______

Answer 30

vaccination head 35-40 deg sedatives