Hematology 3 Flashcards
- Acute Leukemia
- An early arrest in
cellular development
Acute Leukemia characterized by
undifferentiated cells
Acute Leukemia
Death will result in a matter of
months without treatment
Chronic Leukemia
- Onset is more gradual
- The predominant cell is mature (well differentiated) but does not function normally
Hemophilia
_______ are affected. _______ are the carriers
males, females
Hemophilia Types
- Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia)
- 80% of all cases of hemophilia
- Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)
- 15% of all cases with hemophilia
Mild Severity Hemophilia
6-30%
- 25% of all cases
- Spontaneous hemorrhages, joint and deep muscle bleeding are uncommon
Moderate Severity Hemophilia
1-5%
- 15% of all cases
- Spontaneous hemorrhage is not a problem but major bleeding episodes can occur after minor trauma
Severe Hemophilia
<1%
- 60% of all cases
- May bleed spontaneously or with only slight trauma, particularly into the joints and deep muscle
Hemophilia Clinical Manifestations
- Slow, persistent bleeding from circumcision, immunizations, and other minor cuts, scratches
- Excessive bruising
- Delayed hemorrhage following a minor injury
- Bleeding after brushing teeth
- Severe nosebleeds
- Gastric hemorrhage
- Recurrent bleeding into subcutaneous tissue and muscles and around peripheral nerves and joints
Hemophilia Clinical Manifestations - Joint
- Hemarthrosis
- Synovial Damage
- Extensive damage of the cartilage
- Narrowing of the joint space
- Collapse of the joint
- In later stages of joint degeneration
- Chronic pain
- Severe loss of motion
- Muscle atrophy
- Crepitus and joint deformities
Hemarthrosis Hemophilia
- Commonly: knee, ankle, elbow, hip, shoulder, wrist
- Less commonly: feet, hands, TMJ, and spine
- Bleeding into the joint spaces
- Affects synovial joints
Hemophilia
- Clinical Manifestations - Muscle
- Muscle Hemorrhages
- Can be more insidious and massive than joint bleeding
- Can occur anywhere, commonly in the flexor muscle groups
- Intramuscular hemorrhage
- Visible:
- Superficial areas, e.g., calf or forearm - Result in pain and limitation of motion
- Less obvious
- E.g., iliopsoas à groin pain, pain on extension of the hip
Hemophilia
Compression of peripheral nerves and blood vessels by hematoma may result in
- Severe pain
- Anesthesia of the innervated part
- Permanent nerve damage
- Paralysis
Hemophilia Nerve manifestations common in the
femoral, ulnar, and median nerves
Prothrombin time (PTT) measures
how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample
