Week 8

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

Nasal, oral cavity, larynx and pharynx

Question 2

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Bronchus, lung (upper and lower lobes), trachea

Question 3

Conducting Airways

Answer 3

trachea

segmental bronchi

nonrespiratory bronchioloes

Question 4

Respiratory Unit

Answer 4

• respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts

Question 5

cilia

Answer 5

• hair-like structures
• move all the time
• goal is to get rid of “bad stuff”

peak effectiveness is at 75 y.o.

Question 6

Pulmonary edema

Answer 6

Accumulation of fluid in the tissues and air spaces of the lung

Question 7

Hypoxemia

Answer 7

• Deficient oxygenation of arterial blood

Question 8

Hypoxemia is caused by ______
It may lead to ________

Answer 8

pulmonary alterations
hypoxia

Question 9

Conditions that cause Hypoxemia

Answer 9

Anemia, Congenital Heart Defects, Asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, disorders of respiratory muscles

Question 10

Pulmonary Disease Classifications

Answer 10

Acute or chronic

Obstructive or restrictive

Infectious or noninfectious

Question 11

80-100

Answer 11

normal

Question 12

60-80

Answer 12

Moderate tachycardia,

possible onset of respiratory distress,

dyspnea on exertion

Question 13

50-60

Answer 13

Malaise, Nausea, Vertigo, Restlessness

Lightheadedness, Impaired judgment, Incoordination

Question 14

35-50

Answer 14

Marked confusion

Labored Respiration

Cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 15

25-35

Answer 15

Decreased renal blood flow
Decreased urine output

Loss of consciousness

Cardiac arrest

Lactic acidosis

Lethargy

Question 16

<25

Answer 16

Decreased minute ventilation secondary to depression of the respiratory center

Question 17

Obstructive Pulmonary disease cause difficulty

Answer 17

expiring

Question 18

restrictive pulmonary disease cause difficulty

Answer 18

inspiring

Question 19

Persistent dry (non‐productive) cough

Answer 19

allergies, airway irritation

no sputum

Question 20

Productive cough with non‐purulent sputum

Answer 20

airway irritation

Question 21

Productive cough with purulent sputum

Answer 21

can indicate infection

pneumonia

can lead to brown sputum

Question 22

Hemoptysis ‐ coughing up

Answer 22

bloody secretions

Left congestive heart failure

abscess in lung

tumor in lung

Question 23

Rust-colored sputum can be a sign of

Answer 23

pneumonia

Question 24

Dyspnea or Shortness of Breath (SOB) worse when

Answer 24

laying prone or supine

Question 25

Dyspnea or Shortness of Breath (SOB) Causes

Answer 25

inadequate ventilation or insufficient amounts of oxygen in the circulating blood

Question 26

Factors contributing to the sensation of dyspnea

Answer 26

- Increased work of breathing or systemic metabolic demands - Respiratory muscle fatigue - Emotion

Question 27

- Chest pain (Pulmonary pain patterns) - Can originate in the

Answer 27

pleurae, airways, chest wall

Question 28

Pulmonary pain patterns:

Answer 28

substernal or chest region over involved lung fields

Question 29

Chest pain can radiate to

Answer 29

the neck, upper trapezius, costal margins, thoracic back, scapulae, or shoulder

Question 30

Shoulder pain may radiate along the

Answer 30

medial aspect of the arm mimicking other neuromuscular causes (ulnar nerve)

Question 31

What color sputum can indicate pseudomonas infection

Answer 31

green

Question 32

- Abnormal Sputum - Secretions may change in

Answer 32

amount (copious) Viscosity (thickness) Color (white, yellow, green or pink) Texture (frothy, clumped)

Question 33

Pink and frothy sputum can result in

Answer 33

severe pulmonary edema (CHF)

Question 34

Cyanosis bluish discoloration of the

Answer 34

skin and mucous membranes

Question 35

Cyanosis decreased oxygen saturation of

Answer 35

hemoglobin in arterial blood

Question 36

Central Cyanosis Best observed in _______ Occurs in _______ Causes ________

Answer 36

oral mucous membranes, lips, and conjunctivae warmer areas of the body cardiac or pulmonary diseases

Question 37

Peripheral Cyanosis Best observed in _______ Occurs in ________ Causes _______

Answer 37

nail beds colder areas of the body cold temp, anxiety, HF, or shock

Question 38

Peripheral Cyanosis With slow blood circulation in

Answer 38

fingers and toes

Question 39

Clubbing Thickening and widening of the

Answer 39

terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes - Loss of the angle between the nail and the nail bed

Question 40

Clubbing Any condition that interferes with ________ 75-85% is due to _______

Answer 40

oxygenation pulmonary disease

Question 41

Clubbing can happen with

Answer 41

liver disease, GI tract disorder, peripheral vascular disease and Heart disease