CV System 4

Question 1

Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors

Answer 1

Preventing constriction of blood vessels and retention of Sodium and fluid

Question 2

Vasodilators in combination with ACE inhibitors

Answer 2

Prolongs life in CHF

Question 3

Angiotensin II receptors antagonist

Answer 3

HF and BP

Question 4

Diuretics can produce

Answer 4

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 5

Digitalis can

Answer 5

become toxic

Question 6

Older people with HF may have

Answer 6

Alzheimer’s and dementia, monitor oxygen

Question 7

weight gain is associated with

Answer 7

right HF

Question 8

In HF, monitoring BP is

Answer 8

essential

Question 9

Insufficiency (regurgitation)

Answer 9

The valve does not close properly and causes blood to Flow back into the heart chamber

Question 10

Disease Affecting Heart Valves
Narrowing or constriction that prevents the valve from

Answer 10

opening fully

Question 11

Heart valve diseases treated with

Answer 11

Valvuloplasty and replacement

Question 12

• Aortic StenosisChronic rheumatic fever, congenital, atherosclerosis, progressive valvular calcification superimposed n a congenital

Answer 12

bicuspid valve

Question 13

Aortic Stenosis
Primarily affects

Answer 13

Men

Older > younger

Question 14

Aortic Stenosis
Signs/Symptoms

Answer 14

Angina, SOB

Dizziness/Syncope

Often develop late due to sednetary lifestyle

Question 15

Aortic Stenosis
Physical Findings

Answer 15

Systolic murmur
diminished or absent S2 (2nd heart sound)

Question 16

Mitral Stenosis
Nearly all patients have underlying

Answer 16

rheumatic fever

Question 17

When the valve has narrows to <1.5 cm2 (normal is 4-6) _______ pressure increases to maintain Normal cardiac output

Answer 17

left atrial pressure

Question 18

Mitral Stenosis
Signs and Symptoms

Answer 18

Dyspnea

Fatigue

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary hypertension

Right sided HF

Question 19

Mitral Stenosis
Orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea secondary to

Answer 19

increased blood volume

Question 20

Mitral stenosis
Hemoptysis secondary to

Answer 20

long standing pulmonary HTN

Question 21

In Mitral Stenosis 50-80% will have paroxysmal or chronic

Answer 21

Atrial fibrillation, may have emboli as a result

Question 22

Mitral Regurgitation
Caused by

Answer 22

Rheumatic fever

Degeneration of the mitral valve

Endocarditis

Coronary artery disease

Question 23

Mitral Regurgitation
Signs and Symptoms

Answer 23

Left ventricular failure

Exertional dyspnea

Exercise induced fatigue

Asymptomatic until severe and often irreversible left ventricular dysfunction occurs

Question 24

Mitral Regurgitation
Can lead to _______
Affect _____ function
Exercise induced _______

Answer 24

Left sided HF
LV (left HF symtpoms)
fatigue

Question 25

Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation
Stenosis due to

Answer 25

Congenital or rheumatic fever

Question 26

Tricuspid Regurgitation due to

Answer 26

Congenital causes

Pulmonary HTN

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 27

Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation
Can lead to

Answer 27

RHF

Question 28

• Pulmonic Stenosis
  
  • Right ventricular pressure increases due to obstruction of the

Answer 28

pulmonic valve

Question 29

Pulmonic Stenosis
Caused by

Answer 29

bicuspid valve

Question 30

Pulmonic Stenosis can lead to

Answer 30

Right sided heart failure

Stenosis of more than one valve is Not uncommon