CV System 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors

A

Preventing constriction of blood vessels and retention of Sodium and fluid

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2
Q

Vasodilators in combination with ACE inhibitors

A

Prolongs life in CHF

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3
Q

Angiotensin II receptors antagonist

A

HF and BP

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4
Q

Diuretics can produce

A

Electrolyte imbalance

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5
Q

Digitalis can

A

become toxic

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6
Q

Older people with HF may have

A

Alzheimer’s and dementia, monitor oxygen

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7
Q

weight gain is associated with

A

right HF

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8
Q

In HF, monitoring BP is

A

essential

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9
Q

Insufficiency (regurgitation)

A

The valve does not close properly and causes blood to Flow back into the heart chamber

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10
Q

Disease Affecting Heart Valves
Narrowing or constriction that prevents the valve from

A

opening fully

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11
Q

Heart valve diseases treated with

A

Valvuloplasty and replacement

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12
Q
  • Aortic StenosisChronic rheumatic fever, congenital, atherosclerosis, progressive valvular calcification superimposed n a congenital
A

bicuspid valve

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13
Q

Aortic Stenosis
Primarily affects

A

Men

Older > younger

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14
Q

Aortic Stenosis
Signs/Symptoms

A

Angina, SOB

Dizziness/Syncope

Often develop late due to sednetary lifestyle

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15
Q

Aortic Stenosis
Physical Findings

A

Systolic murmur
diminished or absent S2 (2nd heart sound)

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16
Q

Mitral Stenosis
Nearly all patients have underlying

A

rheumatic fever

17
Q

When the valve has narrows to <1.5 cm2 (normal is 4-6) _______ pressure increases to maintain Normal cardiac output

A

left atrial pressure

18
Q

Mitral Stenosis
Signs and Symptoms

A

Dyspnea

Fatigue

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary hypertension

Right sided HF

19
Q

Mitral Stenosis
Orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea secondary to

A

increased blood volume

20
Q

Mitral stenosis
Hemoptysis secondary to

A

long standing pulmonary HTN

21
Q

In Mitral Stenosis 50-80% will have paroxysmal or chronic

A

Atrial fibrillation, may have emboli as a result

22
Q

Mitral Regurgitation
Caused by

A

Rheumatic fever

Degeneration of the mitral valve

Endocarditis

Coronary artery disease

23
Q

Mitral Regurgitation
Signs and Symptoms

A

Left ventricular failure

Exertional dyspnea

Exercise induced fatigue

Asymptomatic until severe and often irreversible left ventricular dysfunction occurs

24
Q

Mitral Regurgitation
Can lead to _______
Affect _____ function
Exercise induced _______

A

Left sided HF
LV (left HF symtpoms)
fatigue

25
Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation Stenosis due to
Congenital or rheumatic fever
26
Tricuspid Regurgitation due to
Congenital causes Pulmonary HTN Rheumatic heart disease
27
Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation Can lead to
RHF
28
- Pulmonic Stenosis - Right ventricular pressure increases due to obstruction of the
pulmonic valve
29
Pulmonic Stenosis Caused by
bicuspid valve
30
Pulmonic Stenosis can lead to
Right sided heart failure Stenosis of more than one valve is Not uncommon