Week 7 Part 1 Flashcards
Aneurysm
Abnormal stretching or dilation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart (50% > normal)
Most common site for an arterial aneurysm is the
aorta
Aneurysm Incidence
Men > Women
HTN
aneurysms can be caused by
Smoking, alcohol, HTN, genetics, atherosclerosis, infection, and trauma
Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Aneurysm
Chest pain Palpable, pulsating mass
Abdominal heart-beat felt by client when lying down
Dull ache in the midabdominal, left flank, or LBP
Groin or leg pain
Weakness or transient paralysis
Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Ruptured Aneurysm
Sudden Sever chest pain with tearing sensation
Pain may extend to neck, shoulder, low back or abdomen but rarely joints and arm (not MI)
Systolic BB < 100 mmHG
Ecchymosis Lightheadedness and nausea
Implications for Aneurysms
Teach them
coughing and proper lifting
Implications for Aneurysms
Avoid
Valsalva, pulling, pushing, straining
Anything >10 pounds
Peripheral Vascular Disease is more common in
LE
UE not uncommon
Vasculitis is characterized by
leukocytic inflammation of the vascular walls
vasculitis can affect the
PNS and CNS
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Multiple sites of inflammation and destructive lesions in the arterial system
Small masses of tissue in the form of nodes
Polyarteritis Nodosa more common in
older adults
Polyarteritis Nodosa associated with
IV drug use, Hepatitis B and C, HIV
Polyarteritis Nodosa Clinical Manifestations
Fever, chills, tachycardia, arthralgia and myositis with tenderness
Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting
Paresthesias, neuropathies, pain, weakness and sensory loss if peripheral nerve
Neuropathies
distal extremities (legs)
falling
Arteritis is a vasculitis typically involving
temporal and cranial arteries
large vessels
Arteritis is most common vasculitis in the US and affects
older people
women > men
What layer of tunica becomes inflamed in Arteritis
tunica media
middle layer
Arteritis Clinical Manifestations
Continuous, unilateral, throbbing headache in temporal area
may radiate to eye, face or side of neck
Arteritis can lead to visual disturbances due to
injury to ophthalmic artery
diplopia
can lead to blindness
Arteritis can also produce _____ sensitivity and pain with
scalp sensitivity
pain chewing, talking and swallowing
Arteritis
Relief of symptoms in ______
Resolved within _______
3-5 days
6-12 months
Allergic or Hypersensitivity Angiitis is a vasculitis that commonly affects
children and young adults
Allergic or Hypersensitivity Angiitis follows an upper respiratory infection in people with
allergy and drug sensitivity issues
Allergic or Hypersensitivity Angiitis
Classic triad of symptoms includes
Purpura (purplish spots under the skin)
Arthritis
Abdominal pain
Kawasakis Disease can lead to
inflammation of lymph nodes
AKA mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Kawasakis disease affects
medium and small arteries
Kawasakis Disease Clinical Manifestation
Fever > 5 days, mucocutaneus inflammation
Conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy
Rash: erythema of palms/soles
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Kawasaki Disease complication
coronary aneurysm and cardiomyopathy
valvular disease
pericardium affected
Kawasakis Disease Acute Phase
Sudden high fever unresponsive to antibiotics and antipyretics + extreme irritability
Kawasakis Disease Subacute Phase
Fever may or may not resolves but irritability persists
Rash develops on trunk and extremities with skin desquamation (peeling), conjunctivitis, and oral mucosal changes (strawberry tongue)
Kawasakis Disease Subacute Phase at risk for
cardiac involvement (e.g., myocarditis, pericarditis)
MI, Valvular disease
Kawasakis Disease Convalescent Phase
6-8 weeks after onset all clinical signs and symptoms should resolve with blood values returned to normal
Kawasakis Disease Medical Management
High dose intravenous gamma-globulin (antibodies) and salicylate therapy to reduce fever and control inflammation
Kawasakis Disease Prognosis is for full recovery of function if
no aneurysm develops
