Hematology

Question 1

Hematology
The form, structure, and function of

Answer 1

blood and blood-forming tissues

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

Water (92%), proteins (7%), salts, organic molecules, gases (1%)

Question 3

Formed elements

Answer 3

• Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs)
• Leukocytes, or white blood cells (WBCs)
• Platelets or thrombocytes

Question 4

Hematology integrated with the

Answer 4

lymphatic and immune systems

Question 5

Edema

Answer 5

Accumulation of fluid within interstitial tissues or body cavities

Question 6

Lymphedema
- Chronic swelling of an area owing to the accumulation of

Answer 6

interstitial fluid

Question 7

Lymphedema
Inflammatory or mechanical

Answer 7

Trauma, resection, malignancy

Question 8

Lymphadema
Accumulation of fluid can lead to

Answer 8

Bacterial growth, infection, fibrosis, loss limb use

Question 9

Congestion

Answer 9

Accumulation of excess blood within the vessels of an organ or tissue.

Question 10

Congestion
May be

Answer 10

Localized - a venous thrombus

Generalized - Heart failure which results in congestion in the lungs, LEs, and abdominal viscera

Question 11

• Infarction (brain, heart, GI tract, kidney, spleen)
  Localized region of necrosis caused by inadequate

Answer 11

arterial perfusion

Question 12

The most vulnerable for infarction

Answer 12

cerebral neurons and myocardial cells

Question 13

infarction is a result of

Answer 13

arterial obstruction

Question 14

Thrombosis
Mass of clotted blood within an intact

Answer 14

blood vessel

Question 15

Thrombosis
Results from hemostatic mechanisms involving

Answer 15

platelets

Question 16

Embolism
Moves within the blood vessel to lodge at a site different from its

Answer 16

origin

Question 17

• Shock
  
  • Occurs when hemodynamic changes diminish

Answer 17

arterial blood circulation

Question 18

Shock
Organs and tissues do not receive adequate O2 to meet their

Answer 18

metabolic needs

Question 19

Shock
hypovolemic,

Answer 19

lose a lot of blood due to hemorrhage

Question 20

Shock
obstruction

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great vessel

Question 21

Shock
Signs

Answer 21

• Initially a rapid, weak pulse
• Hypotension (systolic BP <90 mmHg)
• Cool, pale, moist skin
• Weak or absent peripheral pulses

Question 22

Shock
Eventually causes

Answer 22

• Cardiovascular collapse
• Usually irreversible and patient is unresponsive

Question 23

Aging and the Hematopoietic System
Change in

Answer 23

blood composition

Question 24

Aging and the Hematopoietic System
Slightly decreased

Answer 24

hemoglobin and hematocrit (levels remain within the normal adult range) (anemia)

Question 25

Aging and the Hematopoietic System Decreased number of

Answer 25

lymph nodes, function of lymphocytes, and cellular immunity

Question 26

Anemia Abnormality in quality or quantity of

Answer 26

RBCs

Question 27

Anemia Hemoglboin Men

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<13

Question 28

Anemia hemoglobin women

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<12 g/dL

Question 29

Anemia is not a disease - it is a symptom of many diseases and disorders

Answer 29

Dietary deficiency Acute or chrinic blood loss congenital defects of hemoglobin exposure to toxins diseases of bone marrow Chronic inflammatory disease infectious disease neoplastic disease

Question 30

Causes of Anemia

Answer 30

Impaired production of RBCs Increased destruction of RBCs Blood Loss

Question 31

Anemia Most Common Groups Include

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- Growing children - Lower socioeconomic groups/economic restraints - The elderly - Lack of interest in food preparation - Problem with dentition - Menstruating and pregnant women